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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0257.v2

Quantifying Transcriptome Diversity: A Review

Emma Jones, Anisha Haldar, Vishal Oza, Brittany Lasseigne

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Gene expression; transcriptome diversity; transcriptional variation; transcript diversity; isoform-level diversity; gene-level diversity

Online: 13 April 2023 (03:07:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0015.v1

A Novel Device-Free Counting Method Based on Channel Status Information

Junhuai Li, Pengjia Tu, Huaijun Wang, Kan Wang, Lei Yu

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: wavelet transform; covariance matrix; spatial diversity; frequency diversity; robustness

Online: 1 August 2018 (10:10:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1956.v1

Building a Teleost Fish Traceability Program Based on Genetic Data from Pacific Panama Fish Markets

Edgardo Enrique Díaz-Ferguson, Magaly Sánchez De Chial, Maribel Arlene González Torres, Edgardo A. Muñoz T., Magister Olga Chen, Ovidio Durán, Angel Javier Vega, Carlos Ramos Delgado

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: COI; teleostei; nucleotide diversity; haplotypic diversity; qPCR; demographic history; environmental DNA

Online: 28 June 2023 (07:37:41 CEST)

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Fish tissue samples from 203 adult individuals were collected in the main ports and markets of the Pacific coast of Panama. Molecular identification based on cytochrome oxidase I gene segment of all species was verified GENBANK reference sequences. 34 species from 14 families (Ariidae, Lutjanidae, Caranjidae, Scianidae, Centropomidae, Serranidae, Scombridae, Sphyraenidae, Haemulidae, Gerreidae, Stromotidae, Lobotidae, Malacanthidae, Mugilidae) were identified at species molecular level from 164 sequences. Also, three Caribbean species were molecularly identified among the analyzed samples (Mycteroperca xenarcha, Paralonchurus brasilensis and Lobotes surinamensis). Species diversity was slightly higher in the Gulf of Panama than in the Gulf of Chiriquí. For species with 5 or more individual sequences, genetic diversity and genetic connectivity parameters such as: total number of haplotypes (H), haplotype diversity (Hd), and nucleotide diversity (π) were calculated. Overall, pelagic-migratory species showed higher values of genetic diversity than coastal and estuarine species with some exceptions. Connectivity between Gulf areas was compared using values of genetic distances and genetic differentiation (Fst). High level of connectivity observed between Gulf of Chiriqui and Gulf of Montijo indicates the existence of a single stock in that area for the following species: Scomberomorus sierra, Caranx caninus and Lutjanus guttatus. Demographic history of the most common species was examined using Tajima’s D values suggesting population expansion for two snapper species, L. peru and L. argentiventris, having significant and higher values. Another important contribution from this research was the production of primers and dual labeled probes for environmental DNA detection using qPCR for the five most abundant species (spotted rose snapper, yellow snapper, green jack, Pacific crevalle jack and the Pacific sierra fish). These markers represent a new set of tools for environmental DNA (eDNA) detection and molecular traceability of three commercially important fish species along the supply chain including landing sites and markets of the main fishery areas.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0328.v1

Assessing the Spatiotemporal Relationship between Coastal Habitats and Fish Assemblages at Two Neotropical Estuaries of the Mexican Pacific

Victor Muro, Felipe Amezcua, Georgina Ramírez-Ortiz, Francisco Flores-de-Santiago, Felipe Amezcua-Linares, Yareli Hernandez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: mangrove forests; Marine Protected Areas; α-diversity; β-diversity; multivariate analyses

Online: 24 June 2022 (03:28:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0038.v1

Responses of Individual Plant Species, Functional Groups, α- and β-Diversity to Short-Term Grazing Exclusion under Severe Drought Episode in Long-Term Grazed Alfa-Steppes

Yacine Kouba, Saifi Merdes, Badreddine Saadali, Haroun Chenchouni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Mediterranean steppes; drylands; alpha diversity; beta diversity; rangeland grazing; indicator species

Online: 5 January 2020 (15:22:33 CET)

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Grazing exclusion has been proved to be one of the main measures for rehabilitating degraded arid steppes. However, the effect of this management practice on plant species diversity and composition is ambiguous, specially under prolonged droughts. Concurrently considering the responses of individual plant species, diversity of functional groups, α-diversity, and β-diversity (and its components) may be crucial to the holistic understanding of grazing exclusion effects on plant communities under drought conditions. Here, we investigated the response of these diversity measures to short-term sheep exclusion under severe drought episode in arid steppes of Alfa-grass (Stipa tenacissima) with a long evolutionary history of livestock grazing. Individual species responses were tested based on species occurrence and abundance in either grazed or grazing-excluded steppes, in addition, we used indicator species analysis to assess the strength of the association between plant species and management type. Likewise, α-diversity, abundance- and incidence-based β-diversity, as well as the functional groups’ diversities were quantified using Hill Numbers and compared between the two management types. Sheep grazing exclusion enabled the recovery of various Alfa-steppe indicator species and improved the size of regional species pool, overall α-diversity, and the diversity of therophytes. This management practice decreased the abundance-based β-diversity and the nestedness-resultant fraction of the incidence-based β-diversity at the local scale, while at the landscape scale increased the abundance-based β-diversity and its balanced variation fraction and reduced the incidence-based β-diversity and its turnover component. Furthermore, protection from grazing altered β-diversities scaling patterns by maintaining higher balanced variation in species abundance at large spatial scale and greater abundance-gradient in species composition at the fine-scale. Our results suggest that the implementation of short-term grazing exclusion in degraded arid steppes would be the appropriate management practice for vegetation restoration and plant diversity conservation during prolonged drought periods.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0268.v1

Catch Composition, Seasonality and Biological Aspects of Sharks Caught in the Ecuadorian Pacific

Jesús Briones-Mendoza, Diego Mejía, Pol Carrasco-Puig

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: diversity; abundance; cartilaginous fish

Online: 20 June 2022 (10:10:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0050.v1

Diversity and Reassortment Rate of Influenza a Viruses in Wild Ducks and Gulls

Yulia Postnikova, Anastasia Treshchalina, Elizaveta Boravleva, Alexandra Gambaryan, Aydar Ishmukhametov, Mikhail Matrosovich, Ron A.M. Fouchier, Galina Sadykova, Alexei Prilipov, Natalia Lomakina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Avian influenza; Reassortment; Diversity

Online: 5 May 2021 (12:32:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0010.v1

Biological Hotspot of Ichthyoplankton in the Estuarine Environment Timbulsoko Village, Demak

Hanityo Adi Nugroho, Sutrisno Anggoro, Ita Widowati

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Diversity; Ecology; Fishes; Geoscience

Online: 2 December 2019 (10:38:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0346.v1

Biological Hotspot larva Ikan Diperairan Estuari Desa Timbulsoko, Demak

Hanityo Nugroho, Sutrisno Anggoro , Ita Widowati

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: diversity; ecology; fishes; geoscience

Online: 31 July 2019 (04:40:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0308.v1

Effects of Different Feeding Patterns on the Rumen Bacterial Community of Tan Lambs, based on High-Throughput Sequencing of 16S rDNA Amplicons

Lili Zhang, Yanliang Bi, Jie Zhang, Zilin Fu, Xiaofeng Xu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Alpha diversity; Beta diversity; Mutton quality; Pasture-fed; Pen-fed; Tan lambs

Online: 13 April 2023 (08:01:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0018.v2

Comparing Measures of Community Lineage Diversity across North American Forests

Kyle G. Dexter, Ricardo A. Segovia, Andy Griffiths

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: temperate forests; species richness; lineage diversity; phylogenetic diversity; United States; trees; TILD

Online: 13 February 2019 (10:15:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0283.v1

Geomorphology and Altitude Effects on Diversity and Structure of Vanishing Montane Forest of Southern Ecuador

Omar Cabrera, Angel Benítez, Nixon Cumbicus, Carlos Naranjo, Pablo Ramón, Fani Tinitana, Adrián Escudero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: alpha diversity; beta diversity; floristic arrangement; geological landscapes; geomorphology; Ecuador; mountain forests

Online: 15 October 2018 (06:19:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0060.v1

Doubling the Accuracy of Indoor Location: Frequency Diversity

Berthold Horn

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: indoor location; fine time measurement; round trip time; FTM; RTT; IEEE 802.11mc; IEEE 802.11-2016; time diversity; spatial diversity; bandwidth diversity; frequency diversity; Bayesian grid; observation model; transition model

Online: 8 January 2020 (04:18:02 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0284.v1

Building Consensus around the Assessment and Interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae Diversity

Sarah Davies, Matthew H. Gamache, Lauren I. Howe-Kerr, Nicola G. Kriefall, Andrew C. Baker, Anastazia T. Banaszak, Line K. Bay, Anthony J. Bellantuono, Debashish Bhattacharya, Cheong Xin Chan, Danielle C. Claar, Mary Alice Coffroth, Ross Cunning, Simon K. Davy, Javier del Campo, Erika M. Diaz-Almeyda, Jorg C. Frommlet, Lauren E. Fuess, Raul A. Gonzalez-Pech, Tamar L. Goulet, Kenneth D. Hoadley, Emily J. Howells, Benjamin C. C. Hume, Dustin W. Kemp, Carly, D. Kenkel, Sheila A. Kitchen, Todd C. LaJeunesse, Senjie Lin, Shelby McIlroy, Ryan McMinds, Matthew R. Nitschke, Clinton A. Oakley, Raquel S. Peixoto, Carlos Prada, Hollie M. Putnam, Kate Quigley, Hannah G. Reich, James Davis Reimer, Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty, Stephanie Rosalas, Osama S. Saad, Eugenia M. Sampayo, Scott Santos, Eiichi Shoguchi, Edward G. Smith, Michael Stat, Timothy G. Stephens, Marie E. Strader, David J. Suggett, Timothy D. Swain, Cawa Tran, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Christian R. Voolstra, Mark E. Warner, Virginia M. Weis, Rachel Wright, Tingting Xiang, Hiroshi Yamashita, Maren Ziegler, Adrienne M.S. Correa, John Everett Parkinson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Symbiodinaceae; genetic diversity; coral symbiosis

Online: 21 June 2022 (04:49:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0397.v1

Simple Method for Assessing Diversity and Dynamics of Microbial Community: Comparison of Dairy Phages from Industrial and Spontaneous Fermentation

Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt, Bernadeta Pietrzak, Iwona Kawacka, Klaudia Malak, Weronika Wawrzyniak, Marcin Schmidt

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: phage; dairy; Lactococcus; diversity; community

Online: 19 August 2021 (10:30:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0254.v1

Distribution of Insect in Protected Forest Area in Ambon City

fransina latumahina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Insects; Diversity; ecosystem health; Ambon

Online: 9 March 2021 (10:03:23 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0021.v1

Safe Fieldwork Strategies for At-Risk Individuals

Amelia-Juliette Demery, Monique Pipkin

Subject: Social Sciences, Safety Research Keywords: diversity; inclusion; equity; fieldwork; research

Online: 2 August 2020 (11:55:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0366.v1

Does Islam Practice Tolerance? Some Notes from Quranic Perspective

Abur Hamdi Usman

Subject: Social Sciences, Religion Keywords: Tolerance; Religion; Islam; Society; Diversity

Online: 19 July 2018 (15:43:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0179.v1

Economic Diversity and the Resource Curse: A Dynamic Panel Model

Fred Olayele, Kwok Soo

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: Diversity; resource curse; economic growth.

Online: 13 April 2018 (14:18:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0247.v1

Species Diversity of Oak Stands and Its Significance for Drought Resistance

Jan Kotlarz, Sylwia Nasiłowska, Karol Rotchimmel, Katarzyna Kubiak

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: drought; diversity; oaks; remote sensing

Online: 26 January 2018 (04:52:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0116.v1

Evaluation of Diversification Techniques for Legal Information Retrieval

Marios Koniaris, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Yannis Vassiliou

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: diversity; algorithms; legal information retrieval

Online: 23 November 2016 (09:50:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0385.v1

mySORT: A Web Framework by using Deconvolution Approach to Estimating Immune Cell Composition from Complex Tissues

Shu-Hwa Chen, Bo-Yi Yu, Wen-Yu Kuo, Ya-Bo Lin, Sheng-Yao Su, I-Hsuan Lu, Chung-Yen Lin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Cancer; Immunotherapy; Deconvolution; Alpha diversity; Beta diversity; Precision medicine; Microenvironment; Single-cell RNA sequencing

Online: 13 November 2020 (14:18:40 CET)

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Cancer immunotherapy reaches a remarkable achievement in various cancer types and brings new possibilities to improve cancer patients’ long-term survival. However, outcomes vary from case to case, and the present protocol benefits a small fraction of patients. One notable factor is the tumor microenvironment, especially the immune cell components, that may reflect the immune response's status quo on site. Thus, understanding the content of infiltrating immune cells in tumors is not only for research interesting but also a crucial subject toward precision medicine. We implement an algorithm for resolving relative proportions of twenty-one immune cell subclasses from a human tissue profiled transcriptome by microarray technology to reach the goal above. By selecting gene features and then adopting ?-Support Vector Regression, we can construct a deconvolution model and resolve the immune cell context. The excellent consistency between the estimated values and the correct immune-cell composition further demonstrates this approach provides a more natural alternative to revealing samples' immune cell content and reliable results like recent single-cell technologies. Based on this algorithm, the web-based deconvolution tool implemented named mySORT provides a user-friendly interface for estimating the immune cell content by uploading gene expression profiling. We also present comprehensive visualization 2D/3D plots in mySORT so that users can easily make a comparison between different samples. Finally, we synthesized pseudo-bulk expression data from single-cell transcriptomic datasets of 17 melanoma and 16 head and neck cancer patients. The deconvolution results of microarray-based data in the previous study and synthetic pseudo-bulk data all proved the excellent performance of mySORT. We believe that mySORT can help researchers in all fields easily understand complex immune microenvironment. The website of mySORT is freely accessible on https://symbiosis.iis.sinica.edu.tw/mySORT/.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0627.v1

BIOFACQUIM: A Mexican Compound Database of Natural Products

B. Angélica Pilón-Jiménez, Fernanda I. Saldívar-González, Bárbara I. Díaz-Eufracio, José L. Medina-Franco

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Theoretical Chemistry Keywords: chemical space; chemical data set; chemoinformatics; consensus diversity plot; drug discovery; molecular diversity; visualization

Online: 30 November 2018 (10:06:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0945.v1

Metataxonomic Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Pigeon Pea after Soaking in Water

Yuni Sine, Donny Widianto, Yekti Asih Purwestri, Byong H. Lee, Widodo Widodo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: pigeon pea; bacterial diversity; metataxonomic analysis

Online: 16 October 2023 (13:15:21 CEST)

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: With the increase in demand for non-dairy starter cultures and probiotic bacteria as carriers, the use of legumes (also called pulses) as an alternative has gained momentum. In this study, we investigated the diversity of bacterial communities in samples of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) soaked in water for 12 h and 24 h. We soaked 500 g of pigeon pea in sterile distilled water at room temperature (± 25 °C) for 12 h and 24 h; 10 mL of the soaking water was then collected to measure the bacterial diversity using a metataxonomic analysis. The V1–V9 regions on the 16S ribosomal RNA gene were amplified using 27F and 1492R primers under specific polymerase chain reaction conditions for the bacterial identification. Genomic DNA (130 ng) was sequenced on a R9.4 flow cell by Oxford Nanopore Technologies using a GridION sequencer. Library preparations were initiated using a Native Barcoding Kit 24 V14 (SQK-NBD114.24). Primary data were acquired using MinKNOW version 22.05.7. A total of 13 bacterial families and 89 genera were identified in the pigeon pea sample soaked for 12 h; 26 families and 90 genera were identified in the pigeon pea sample soaked for 24 h. Among the bacterial families identified, the five predominant families in both samples were Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae, Yersiniaceae, Pectobacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae. According to the relative abundance of the identified bacterial genera, the following nine genera were predominant in both samples: Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Pantoea, Kosakonia, Pseudoenterobacter, Pluralibacter, Leclercia, and Kluyvera. At a genus level, a slight increase in the abundance of Klebsiella, Kosakonia, and Pluralibacter and a slight decrease in the abundance of Citrobacter were observed after prolonged incubation from 12 h to 24 h. The values of five diversity indices revealed that the sample soaked in water for 24 h had a richer bacterial abundance and diversity than the 12 h sample. Shannon and Simpson values revealed a higher bacterial diversity in the sample collected at 24 h than the sample collected at 12 h. Species observations and abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) values demonstrated that the sample collected at 24 h harbored a higher bacterial richness than the sample collected at 12 h. These findings indicated that the bacterial diversity in the pigeon pea samples increased with the soaking time. The bacterial communities during the soaking of the pigeon pea samples were dominated by the Enterobacteriaceae family and Enterobacter genus. The presence of bacterial genera such as Lacticaseibacillus, Lentilactobacillus, and Secundilactobacillus was notable because of their importance as starter cultures for fermented plant-based milk products, including pigeon pea beverages for lactose-intolerant individuals or individuals with malnutrition.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0419.v1

Enhancing Tree Health through Improved Microbial Biodiversity in Soil

Vinesh Prasad, Daniel Cole

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil health; mirobilogy; diversity; tree health

Online: 8 October 2023 (04:33:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1064.v1

Culture, Gender, and Business

EMMANUEL ADEYEMI

Subject: Arts And Humanities, History Keywords: culture; gender; business; organization; religion; diversity

Online: 18 September 2023 (05:30:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0692.v1

Functional and Species Diversity across Disturbance Levels and Environmental Variables in Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve, Southwest Ethiopia

Ferede Abuye Jeldu, Motuma Tolera Feyisa, Teshale Woldeamanuel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: biosphere reserve; disturbance; functional diversity; zonation

Online: 11 July 2023 (10:55:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1425.v1

Anaemia in Preschool-Aged Children in DR. Congo: Finding from a Nationally Representative Survey

Ngianga II (Shadrack) Kandala

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Haemoglobin; Anaemia; Dietary, Diversity; Random-effect

Online: 19 May 2023 (10:06:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1234.v1

Butterflies of the Neotropical Seasonally Dry Forest of Montes de María (Sucre, Colombia): What do they Tell us about the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis?

Yarlenis L Mercado-Gómez, Jorge D Mercado-Gómez, Carlos E Giraldo-Sánchez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: structure; diversity; anthropic disturbance; conservation; Lepidoptera

Online: 17 May 2023 (10:38:26 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0879.v1

Glucosinolate Diversity Analysis in Choy sum (Brassica rapa subsp chinensis var parachinensis) Germplasms for Functional Foods Breeding

Seong-Hoon Kim, Parthiban Subramanian, Bum-Soo Hahn

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: glucosinolate; germplasm; breeding; anticancer; genebank; diversity

Online: 12 May 2023 (04:27:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0206.v1

Testing White’s Floristic Impoverishment Hypothesis in the Forest-Savanna Transition Zones of Africa

Mathew Rees, John L. Godlee, David J. Harris, Casey M. Ryan, Kyle G. Dexter

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: Africa; forest; savanna; phylogenetic; diversity; transition

Online: 4 May 2023 (06:04:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0056.v2

Women’s Participation in Leadership Roles in a Single Canadian Paramedic Service

Justin Mausz, Sarah Salvis, Dominique Arseneau-Bruneau, Elizabeth Donnelly

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: Emergency Medical Services; paramedics; gender; diversity

Online: 15 February 2023 (04:34:52 CET)

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Introduction: Like other public safety professions, paramedicine has historically been a male-dominated occupation, both in the demography of its workforce and in its organizational culture. Although women are increasingly choosing paramedicine as a career, participation in leadership roles remains limited. Drawing on data from a recent comprehensive mental health survey, we describe the proportion of women in leadership in a single, large, urban paramedic service in Ontario, Canada. Methods: We distributed an in-person, paper-based survey during the fall 2019 - winter 2020 Continuing Medical Education (CME) sessions. Participating paramedics completed a demographic questionnaire alongside a battery of mental health screening tools. We assessed the demography of the workforce and explored differences in employment classification, provider level (e.g., primary vs. advanced care), and participation in formal leadership roles along self-reported gender lines. Results: Out of 607 paramedics attending CME, we received 600 completed surveys, with 11 excluded for missing data, leaving 589 for analysis and a 97% response rate. Women comprised 40% of the active-duty paramedic workforce, with an average of 8 years of experience. Compared to men, women were more than twice as likely to have a university degree (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.02), but almost half as likely to practice at the Advanced Care Paramedic level (OR 0.61), and somewhat less likely to be employed full-time (OR 0.77). Women were nearly 70% less likely to hold a leadership role in the service compared to men (OR 0.36), occupying just 20% of leadership positions. Conclusion: Although paramedicine is witnessing an encouraging shift in the demography of its workforce with greater participation from women, there is still work to be done, particularly in leadership. Future research should focus on identifying and ameliorating barriers to career advancement among women and other historically underrepresented people.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0283.v1

The Functional Biogeography of eDNA Metacommunities in the Post-fire Landscape of the Angeles National Forest

Savanah Senn, Sharmodeep Bhattacharyya, Gerald Presley, Anne E. Taylor, Jillian Ford, Brandon Jasinski, Yekaterina Badalova

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: molecular ecology; functional diversity; DNA sequencing

Online: 28 April 2022 (10:31:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0414.v1

Genotypic and Epidemiologic Profiles of Giardia duodenalis in Four Brazilian Biogeographic Regions

Deiviane Calegar, Beatriz Nunes, Kerla Monteiro, Polyanna Bacelar, Brenda Evangelista, Mayron Moraes, Jurecir Silva, Jéssica Santos, Márcio Bóia, Lauren Jaeger, Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: Giardia duodenalis; Assemblages; Epidemiology; Genetic diversity

Online: 27 January 2022 (11:18:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0560.v1

Microbial Diversity Based on Multifractal Analysis of Metagenomes

Xianhua Xie, Yuanlin Ma, Zuguo Yu, Guosheng Han

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: diversity index; multifractal; metagenome; gut mtagenome

Online: 26 July 2021 (10:04:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0349.v1

Genetic Diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) Colonizing Sweet Potato and Cassava in South Sudan

Beatrice Clarence Misaka, Everlyne N. Wosula, Philip W. Marchelo-d'Ragga, Trine Hvoslef-Eide, James Peter Legg

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: Bemisia tabaci; genetic diversity; distribution; haplotype

Online: 28 November 2019 (03:24:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0249.v1

The Yeast Atlas of Appalachia: Species and Phenotypic Diversity of Herbicide Resistance in Wild Yeast

Jordan B. Barney, Matthew J. Winans, Catherine B. Blackwood, Amaruy Pupo, Jennifer E. G. Gallagher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Fungal diversity; Saccharomyces; genetic diversity; glyphosate-based herbicides; copper-based fungicides; RoundUp Ready™ corn; phylogenetics

Online: 17 February 2020 (15:37:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0029.v1

Genomics of Re-emergent Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic Salmon Outbreaks

Marcos Godoy, Marco Montes de Oca, Rudy Suarez, Alexis Martinez, Juan Pablo Pontigo, Diego Caro, Karina Kusch, Harry Bohle, Molly Kibenge, Frederick Kibenge, Sion Bayliss

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: furunculosis; Aeromonas salmonicida; Salmo salar; genomic diversity

Online: 1 December 2023 (05:31:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1261.v1

Fungal Diversity and Distribution in the Biodiversity Hotspots of the Western Himalayas

Neelesh Yadav, Shrey Rakholia, Naseem Ali, Reuven Yosef

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Fungi; Diversity; Western Himalayan region; PCA; ANOVA

Online: 19 September 2023 (08:28:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1579.v1

Woody Species Composition, Tree diversity and Regeneration Status of Londiani Forest, Kenya

Evalyne Kosgey Chepkoech, Humphrey Agevi Agevi, Henry Lungayia Lung’ayia, Mugatsia Tsingalia

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: species composition; tree diversity; regeneration; forest management

Online: 25 July 2023 (05:37:03 CEST)

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Tropical forests provide habitats for diverse flora and fauna. In addition, they are essential in regulating the climate while at the same time millions of people depend on them for their livelihoods. As seen by rising political commitment and worldwide promises to reduce rates of deforestation and boost restoration of degraded forest ecosystems, forests are becoming more widely acknowledged for their role as a nature-based solution to many sustainable development concerns. Understanding tropical forest dynamics and their conservation have so become more important. This study analyzed, the forest stand structure, tree species composition, abundance and diversity and the regeneration status of Londiani Forest. Londiani Forest is divided into three blocks, namely Kedowa, Chebewor and Londiani and from each of these blocks belt transects 25 m wide and 1 km long were established 100 m from the edge of the forest to reduce edge effects. At every 200 m along the transect, 25 m × 25 m quadrats were set up in which, an inventory of all tree species was done. For tree species that could not be identified in the field, the local name was provided by para-taxonomists who participated in the data collection and the species name was later identified with the help of a taxonomist or a manual of woody tree species of Londiani Forest. The diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured at 1.3 m from the ground using a diameter tape. Tree height was measured using a Suunto angular clinometer. A nested quadrat 5 m x 5 m quadrat within the 25 m x 25 m quadrat was used to sample saplings while a 1 m x 1 m quadrat was used for sampling seedlings. Regeneration status was assessed using the number of seedlings and saplings. Stumps of trees cut were counted including identifying tree species from which the tree stump was derived. Data from the quadrats were entered into Microsoft Excel. Total stem density, species density, basal area, species basal area, relative density and species diversity were determined. A total of 1,308 individual trees belonging to 34 different species from 24 families were recorded. Kedowa had the highest (27) species richness followed by Chebewor (19) then Londiani (14). There was a statistically significant difference in species richness among the three forest blocks (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean DBH (F=0.560; p=0.729) and height class distribution (F= 0.821, p=.558) among the three forest blocks. There was a statistically significant difference in stem density (F=12.22; p=0.005) and woody species diversity (F=0.32; p=0.001) within the three forests blocks. There was no statistically significant difference in the basal area distribution within the three forest blocks p>0.005. The similarity index ranged from 0.34 to 0.47. In all the forest blocks, there was evidence of seedlings and saplings indicating that there was regeneration. Results clearly show that while the Londiani Forest shows variation in characteristics, there is clear evidence that it is regenerating.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0712.v1

A Preliminary Survey of the Avifaunal Diversity in Pampaimadu Premise of the University of Vavuniya, Vavuniya, Sri Lanka

Keerthanaram Thanabalasingam, Wijerathna Poornima, Sanjeewani Nimalka

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: avifauna; checklist; habitat variation; species diversity; Vavuniya

Online: 13 July 2023 (07:11:21 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0087.v1

Recent Population Dynamics of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Jinpeng Xu, Abdul Wahaab, Sawar Khan, Mohsin Nawaz, Muhammad Naveed Anwar, Ke Liu, Jianchao Wei, Muddassar Hameed, Zhiyong Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Japanese encephalitis virus; Population dynamic; Genetic diversity

Online: 2 May 2023 (11:02:54 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1127.v1

Metformin Therapy Changes Gut Microbiota Alpha-Diversity in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Antibiotic Treatment

Pavlo Petakh, Iryna Kamyshna, Valentyn Oksenych, Denis Kainov, Aleksandr Kamyshnyi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; gut microbiota; diversity; diabetes; metformin

Online: 28 April 2023 (07:06:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0481.v1

IRAPs in Combination with Highly Informative ISSRs Confer Effective Potentials for Genetic Diversity and Fidelity Assessment in Rhododendron

Sulin Wen, Hong Zhao, Manying Zhang, Guang Qiao, Xiaohui Shen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: genetic fidelity; genetic diversity; IRAP; ISSR; Rhododendron

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:56:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0505.v1

Tomato Defence Suppression is a Common Trait in Tetranychus urticae Collected from Field-Grown Tomatoes

Jéssica Teodoro-Paulo, Carlos Fernandes, Lin Dong, Sara Magalhães, Alison B. Duncan, Juan M. Alba, Merijn R. Kant

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: phylogeny; salivary effectors; effector 84; genetic diversity

Online: 28 February 2023 (04:44:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0462.v1

Structure of a Metacommunity of Urban Bees: Species Diversity and Spatio-temporal Modularity

Yoko L. Dupont, Henning Bang Madsen, Mette Balslev Greve, Claus Rasmussen, Jens M. Olesen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Apis; beta diversity; city; nestedness; network; pollinator

Online: 26 December 2022 (02:50:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0149.v1

A Comparison of Fijian Honeyeaters Abundance and Foraging Behaviour at USP Laucala Campus and Colo-I-Suva Forest Reserve

Galana Siro, Lavinia Donald, Jacinta Serah Botleng, Tima Allanson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Honeyeater; foraging behaviour; diversity; human activity; avifauna

Online: 8 August 2022 (10:28:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0178.v1

Phylogeographic and Bioclimatic Determinants of the Dorsal Pattern Polymorphism in the Italian Wall Lizard, Podarcis siculus

Francesco Gallozzi, Paolo Colangelo, Gabriele Senczuk, Riccardo Castiglia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Citizen science; Colour pattern; geographic diversity; phylogeography

Online: 13 June 2022 (09:55:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0090.v1

Ecotype Division and Chemical Diversity of Cynomorium songaricum from Different Geographical Regions

Xinke Zhang, Xiao Sun, Yujing Miao, Min Zhang, Lixia Tian, Chang Liu, Linfang Huang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Cynomorium songaricum; ecotype division; chemical diversity; metabolomics

Online: 7 June 2022 (02:54:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0553.v1

New Reports of Wild Mushroom Diversity from Foothill Region of Uttarakhand

Vasundhra Sharma, A. K. Jaitly

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: mushroom; organic-debris; fruiting bodies; diversity; frequency

Online: 24 May 2021 (10:22:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0659.v1

A Checklist of Indigenous Ichthyofauna in the Dhanu River and Surrounding Wetlands of Bangladesh: Current Status, Population Trends and Threats

Debasish Pandit, Shuva Saha, Mrityunjoy Kunda, Ahmed Harun-Al-Rashid

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Beel, conservation, fish diversity, IUCN, native fishes

Online: 26 April 2021 (12:06:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0236.v1

Facing Racism and Sexism in Science by Fighting against Social Implicit Bias: A Latin and Black Woman Perspective.

Karin Calaza, Fatima Erthal, Mirtes Pereira, Kita Macario, Veronica Daflon, Isabel David, Helena Castro, Maria Vargas, Laura Martins, Jasmin Stariolo, Eliane Volchan, Leticia Oliveira

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: implict bias; gender disparity; diversity; racial dispariry

Online: 12 January 2021 (17:51:36 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0313.v2

Complementary Approaches to Understand Anthelmintic Resistance Using Free-Living and Parasitic Nematodes

Janneke Wit, Clayton Dilks, Erik Andersen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: drug resistance; natural diversity; C. elegans; anthelmintics

Online: 25 November 2020 (14:47:29 CET)

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Working Paper HYPOTHESIS

Human Genetic Diversity Possibly Determines Human's Compliance to COVID-19

Yiqiang Zhao, Yunchun Gu, Yongji Liu, Sa Li, Yuzhan Wang, Lina Bu, Qi Liu, Hongyi Lv, Fang Wan, Lida Wu, Zemin Ning

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; severe symptoms; inactivation; genetic diversity

Online: 16 April 2020 (09:15:49 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Dioscorea praehensilis (Berth.) Collected from Central Region, Ghana Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers

Adeyinka S. Adewumi, Kingsley J. Taah, Paul A. Asare, Michael O. Adu, Paterne A. Agre

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: genetic diversity; Dioscorea praehensilis; SSR markers; Ghana

Online: 8 March 2020 (14:55:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0115.v1

Effects of Mancozeb on Citrus Rhizosphere Bacterial Community

Zhendong Huang, Peng Wang, Zhanxu Pu, Lianming Lu, Guoqing Chen, Xiurong Hu, Amna Fayyaz, Yunpeng Gai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: citrus; root rhizosphere; mancozeb; bacteria community; diversity

Online: 7 March 2020 (03:12:53 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0176.v1

A Framework for Maximising the Capture of Genetic Diversity in Sampling for ex situ Conservation

Linda Neaves

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: conservation; genetic diversity; decision-making; ex situ

Online: 12 December 2019 (12:43:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0057.v1

Ruderal Plants in Urban and Sub-Urban Walls and Roofs

Alperen Meral, Emrah Yalçınalp

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Urbanization, biological diversity, ruderal vegetation, roof, walls

Online: 5 March 2019 (11:34:03 CET)

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Objective: Main purpose of this study is to identify the ruderal plant species which spontaneously grows on the wall and roof surfaces in urban and sub-urban areas due to their limited ecological needs and to contribute to the creating of the sustainable green areas in urban environments by understanding the parameters that ruderals depend on while they require little maintenance and irrigation support if not no. Material and Methods: The main material of this study is the ruderal plants which were collected from totally 60 walls and 36 roof surfaces within six districts of Trabzon city –Akçaabat, Arsin, Çaykara, Of, Ortahisar and Yomra in Turkey. From these 96 habitats, 1540 plants samples form the walls and 448 plant samples from the roofs were collected. All the plant samples collected from the research area were identified in the herbarium of the faculty of forestry in Karadeniz Technical University. Apart from this, parametres affecting coverage rate of common species on three different habitats were analysed.Results: It was found that 448 samples from the roof surfaces distributed into 61 species while 1540 samples from the walls distributed into 196 species. Plus, according to the analyses, 28 species were found on all three different habitats. As a result of the observations, measurements and analyses, it is clear from the study that coverage rate of the plant species depends on anthropogenic interaction, daylight period and depth of the media but there is no relation with the number of the species on the surfaces.Conclusion: Ruderal plants are definitely important to study on, if the world wants the term sustainability to find its real meaning as they require nearly nothing to grow in hard conditions. In urban life, maintenance is getting more and more expensive for green areas in urban life and this makes it difficult for them to survive especially when cities have limited budget on this, which has often occurred all over the world recently. There is no doubt that ruderal plants offer a great opportunity for modern era urban areas with their limited needs to grow in hard conditions. Furthermore, when thinking about the fact a serious amount of the ruderal plants detected on all three basic habitats has a great landscape plant characteristics, the approaches to their usage in urban areas are really critical.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Optimal Microbiome Networks: Macroecology and Criticality

Jie Li, Matteo Convertino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: microbiome; complex networks; species diversity; criticality; RSA; information flow; transitions

Online: 28 March 2019 (09:10:18 CET)

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The human microbiome is an extremely complex ecosystem considering the amount of bacterial species, their interactions, and its variability over time. Here we untangle the complexity of the human microbiome for the Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) that is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder in human populations. Based on a novel information theoretic network inference model we detect species interaction networks that are functionally and structurally different for healthy and unhealthy individuals. Healthy networks are characterized by a neutral symmetrical pattern of species interactions and scale-free topology versus random unhealthy networks. We detect an inverse scaling relationship between species total outgoing information flow, meaningful of node interactivity, and relative species abundance (RSA). The top ten interacting species are also the least relatively abundant for the healthy microbiome and the most detrimental. These findings support the idea about the diminishing role of network hubs and hubs should be defined considering the total outgoing information flow rather than the node degree. Macroecologically, the healthy microbiome is characterized by the highest total species diversity growth rate, the lowest species turnover, and the smallest variability of RSA for all species. This result challenges current views that posit a universal association between healthy states and the highest absolute species diversity in ecosystems. Additionally, we show how the transitory microbiome is unstable and microbiome criticality is not at the phase transition between healthy and unhealthy states. We stress out the importance of considering interacting pairs versus single node dynamics when characterizing the microbiome and of ranking these pairs in terms of their dynamics. Interactions (i.e. species collective behavior) shape transition from healthy to unhealthy states.\\ The macroecological characterization of the microbiome is useful for diagnostic purposes and disease etiognosis, while species-specific analyses can detect species that are more beneficial leading to personalized design of pre- and pro-biotic treatments and microbiome engineering.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0215.v1

Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Prediction of Genotypic Values in Common Beans Using Mixed Models

Jessica Delfini, Vania Moda Cirino, Claudete de Fátima Ruas, Paulo Mauricio Ruas, José dos Santos Neto, Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris L.; REML/BLUP; genetic diversity

Online: 26 March 2018 (10:35:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0243.v1

Lupinus mutabilis Breeding in the Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia: A Review

Diego Rodriguez-Ortega, José Luis Zambrano, Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo, Andres Torres, Angel Murillo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Lupinus mutabilis; genetic diversity; breeding; anthracnose resistance; alkaloids

Online: 5 October 2023 (02:38:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0593.v1

Integrated Cultivation Practices Improves Soil Microbial Diversity by Changing Soil Properties of Paddy Soil

Xiaohong Guo, Yue Hu, Chuanxing Zheng, Yukun Guo, Yanfei Zhang, Hongyu Li, Yandong Lv

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: rice; integrated cultivation practices; microbial diversity; environmental factors

Online: 11 September 2023 (05:07:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0925.v1

Nutritional and Antinutritional Potentials of Sorghum: A Comparative Study among Different Sorghum Landraces of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Tesfakiros Semere Gebrelibanos, Yemane Tsehaye Bayratsiyon, Lijalem Tareke Weldeabezgi, Ola Tveitereid Tveitereid Westengen, Siri Fjellheim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: sorghum landraces; diversity; nutrition; minerals; phenolic compounds; antioxidants

Online: 11 August 2023 (09:56:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0183.v1

The Diversity of Gut Microbiota at Weaning Is Altered in Prolactin Receptor Null Mice

Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo, Ana Luisa Ocampo-Ruiz, José L. Dena-Beltrán, Gonzalo Martínez de la Escalera, Carmen Clapp, Yazmin Macotela

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: bacterial diversity; gut microbiota; prolactin receptor; lactation; weaning

Online: 2 August 2023 (08:46:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1528.v1

A Systematic Assessment of Leishmania donovani Infection in Domestic and Wild Animal Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis

Gajala Deethamvali Ghouse Peer, Anjali Priyadarshini, Archana Gupta, Arpana Vibhuti, Elcio Leal, Antonio Charlys da Costa, Carlos Prudencio, Chung-Ming Chang, V.Samuel Raj, Ramendra Pandey

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Leishmania donovani; Geographical; Temporal diversity; Epidemic; Transmission cycle

Online: 21 June 2023 (10:31:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0613.v1

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Winged Bean [Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus (L.) DC.] Accessions Using Morphological Traits and Microsatellite Markers

Temitope Esther Olatunde, Adeolu Moses Adebayo, Ayomide Ajoke Bhadmus, Idris Ishola Adejumobi, Olaniyi Oyatomi, Benjamin Faloye, Michael Abberton

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Accessions; genetic diversity; morphological traits; SSRs; winged bean

Online: 8 June 2023 (09:25:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0851.v1

Impacts of Combined Exposure to Glyphosate and Diquat on Microbial Community Structure and Diversity in a Lateritic Paddy Soil

Xiaoyu He, Chunyuan Wu, Huadong Tan, Xiao Deng, Yi Li

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Herbicides; mixed toxicity; microbial diversity; microbial community structure

Online: 24 April 2023 (10:49:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0244.v1

Screening Aromatic Rice Genotypes by RAPD Markers for Breeding Salinity Stress Tolerant Rice Variety

Md Abdul Azim, Md Mahbubur Rahman, Dipali Rani Gupta, Aniruddha Sarker, Tofazzal Islam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: aromatic rice; salt screening; RAPD marker; genetic diversity

Online: 14 November 2022 (07:43:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0444.v1

Behavioural Impact of Captive Management Changes in Three Species of Testudinidae

Jessica T. Turner, Alexandra L. Whittaker, David McLelland

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: reptile; tortoise; welfare; diversity index; behaviour; enrichment; ethogram

Online: 28 October 2022 (08:28:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0186.v1

Fungi in Microbial Culture Collections and Their Metabolites

Alexander Vasilenko, Natalya Ivanushkina, Galina Kochkina, Svetlana Ozerskaya

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: collections of microorganisms; data bases; fungal diversity; metabolites

Online: 13 May 2022 (09:42:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0157.v1

Low Intra-Host and Inter-Host Genetic Diversity of Carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 in Domestic Cats During A Feline Panleukopenia Outbreak

Xiuwan Wang, Maura Carrai, Kate Van Brussel, Shuo Feng, Julia A. Beatty, Mang Shi, Edward C. Holmes, Jun Li, Vanessa R. Barrs

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: feline; panleukopenia; canine parvovirus; metagenomics; diversity; intra-host

Online: 12 May 2022 (04:07:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0147.v1

Diversity and Career Progression in Dental School Staff in the UK and Ireland

Khaleel Shazada, Zoe Freeman, Hawa Fathi, Paula Waterhouse, Chris Penlington

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Diversity; Equality; Dental Education; Career Progression; Higher Education

Online: 8 November 2021 (13:40:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0305.v1

Distance Only Brings You Closer: Application of ISSR Markers to Analyze Molecular Relationships in Roses (Rosa spp.) - The Symbol of Love

Tanay Joshi, Santosh Kumar, Lalit Arya, Amritbir Riar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: ISSR; Rosa spp.; DNA fingerprinting; genotypes; genetic diversity

Online: 13 May 2021 (14:01:21 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0342.v1

You are Welcome Here: Considerations of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for Embracing New Ecologists

Bonnie M. McGill, Madison J. Foster, Abagael N. Pruitt, Samantha Gabrielle Thomas, Emily R. Arsenault, Janaye Hanschu, Kynser Wahwahsuck, Evan Cortez, Kaci Zarek, Terrance D. Loecke, Amy J. Burgin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Undergraduate research experience; diversity; equity; inclusion; science communication

Online: 12 November 2020 (11:31:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0387.v1

Environmental Diversity Assessment to Enhance Attractineness of Eco-tourism in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia

Jamilah Al Mohaya, Mena Elassal

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography, Planning And Development Keywords: environmental diversity; eco-tourism; Asir region; GIS; RS

Online: 17 September 2020 (08:06:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0119.v1

Mining and Characterizing the SSR Markers for Black Rice Using the Illumina Sequencing Platform

Dhananjay Kumar, Prasanta Kumar Das, Chandra Singha, Bidyut Kumar Sarmah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: black rice; transcriptome sequencing; genic SSRs; genetic diversity

Online: 7 March 2020 (09:03:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0321.v1

Whole Genome Diversity, Population Structure and Linkage Disequilibrium Analysis of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes Using Genome-Wide DArTseq-Based SNP Markers

Somayeh Farahani, Mojdeh Maleki, Rahim Mehrabi, Homayoun Kanouni, Reza Talebi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: chickpea; genetic diversity; linkage disequilibrium; DArTseq-SNP markers

Online: 29 April 2019 (07:56:52 CEST)

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Characterization of genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium is prerequisite for proper management of breeding programs and conservation of genetic resources. In this study, 186 chickpea genotypes including advanced “Kabuli” breeding lines and Iranian landrace “Desi” chickpea genotypes were genotyped using DArTseq-Based SNP markers. Out of 3339 SNPs, 1152 markers with known chromosomal position were selected for genome diversity analysis. The number of mapped SNP markers varied from 52 (LG8) to 378 (LG4), with an average of 144 SNPs per linkage group. The chromosome size that covered by SNPs varied from 16236.36 kbp (LG8) to 67923.99 kbp (LG5), while LG4 showed higher number of SNPs, with an average of 6.56 SNPs per Mbp. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value of SNP markers ranged from 0.05 to 0.50, with an average of 0.32, while the markers on LG4, LG6 and LG8 showed higher mean PIC value than average. Un-weighted Neighbor Joining cluster analysis and Bayesian-based model population structure grouped chickpea genotypes into four distinct clusters. Principal component analysis (PCoA) and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Component (DAPC) results were consistent with that of the cluster and population structure analysis. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was extensive and LD decay in chickpea germplasm was relatively low. A few markers showed r²≥0.8, while 2961 pairs of markers showed complete LD (r²=1) and a huge LD block was observed on LG4. High genetic diversity and low kinship value between pairs of genotypes suggesting the presence of a high genetic diversity among studied chickpea genotypes. This study also demonstrated the efficiency of DArTseq-based SNP genotyping for large scale genome analysis in chickpea. The genotypic markers provided in this study are useful for various association mapping studies when combined with phenotypic data of different traits such as seed yield, abiotic and biotic stresses and therefore can be efficiently used in breeding programs to improve chickpea.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0526.v1

Faba bean (Vicia Faba L.) Germplasm Collection and its Diversity in Oman

Nadiya AlSaady, Saleem Nadaf, Ali Al-Lawati, Saleh Al-Hinai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Landraces, indigenous, accession, seed characters, diversity, faba bean

Online: 30 August 2018 (12:01:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0042.v1

Tree Species Diversity and Socio-economic Perspectives of the Urban (Food) Forest of Accra, Ghana

Bertrand Nero, Nana Afranaa Kwapong, Raymond Jatta, Oluwole Fatunbi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: species, edible, food bearing, diversity, neighborhoods, urban forest

Online: 3 July 2018 (12:10:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0149.v1

Spatial Pattern Dynamics Analysis at Coastal Area Using Spatial Metric in Pekalongan, Indonesia

Ali Wijaya, Cahyono Susetyo, Azillatin Qisthian Diny, Danika Hudani Nabila, Rahel Putri Pamungkas, Mohammad Hadikunnuha, Nursakti Adhi Pratomoatmojo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Spatial Pattern; Land Use; Spatial Metric; Aggregation; Diversity

Online: 19 May 2017 (16:21:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0145.v1

Spatial Pattern Dynamics Analysis in Coastal Area Using Spatial Metric in Pekalongan, Indonesia

Ali Wijaya, Cahyono Susetyo, Azillatin Q. Diny, Danika H. Nabila, Rahel P. Pamungkas, Mohammad Hadikunnuha, Nursakti A. Pratomoatmojo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: spatial pattern; land use; spatial metric; aggregation; diversity

Online: 19 May 2017 (08:43:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1729.v1

Assessment of Diversity and Genetic Variability of Guava (Psidium guajava) by Means of Microsatellite Markers in Montería, Córdoba-Colombia

Enrique Pardo-Perez, Elizabeth Ramos-Rivero, Luis Causil-Vargas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: genetic diversity; genetic variability; microsatellites; allele frequencies; population structure

Online: 28 November 2023 (08:08:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0942.v1

Population Genetic Structure of a Viviparous Sand Lizard, the Phrynocephalus forsythii in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang of China

Jiabao Duan, Luoxue Jiang, Tianying Chen, Wen Zhong, Wei Zhao, Yue Qi, Penghui Guo, You Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Phrynocephalus forsythii; microsatellite; genetic diversity; population structure

Online: 14 November 2023 (15:25:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0016.v1

Species Diversity and Community Structure of Macrobenthos in the Cosmonaut Sea, East Antarctica

Jianfeng Mou, Kun Liu, Yaqin Huang, Junhui Lin, Xuebao He, Shuyi Zhang, Dong Li, Yongcan Zu, Zhihua Chen, Sujing Fu, Heshan Lin, Wenhua Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: macrobenthos; species diversity; community structure; Cosmonaut Se; Environmental factors

Online: 1 November 2023 (04:33:02 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0824.v1

Fungal Diversity and Heritage Degradation

Manuela Oliveira, Johnny Reis, Michel Almaguer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: cultural heritage; monument degradation; fungal diversity; preservation and restoration

Online: 12 October 2023 (11:59:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0220.v1

Lily Database: A Comprehensive Genomic Resource for the Liliaceae Family

Manosh Kumar Biswas, Sathish kumar Natarajan, Dhiman Biswas, Jewel Howlader, Jong-In Park, Ill-Sup Nou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: Genetic diversity; Germplasm; molecular markers; transcription factors; DEGs; genes.

Online: 4 October 2023 (09:03:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0826.v1

SSR Based Genetic Diversity Analysis and Population Structure of Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in Kazakhstan

Meisam Zargar, Elmira Dyussibayeva, Aidyn Orazov, Aiym Zeinullina, Irina Zhirnova, Gulzat Yessenbekova, Aiman Rysbekova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: proso millet collection; genetic diversity; SSR markers; agronomic traits

Online: 13 September 2023 (10:37:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0101.v1

Navigating the Path to Success: Insights for Aspiring Female Leaders in Academia

Wafa Hozien

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: female; women; academia; higher education; leadership; gender equality; diversity

Online: 2 August 2023 (02:26:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1471.v1

Diversity and Evolution of the MHC Class II DRB Gene in an Alpine Ungulate, the Siberian Ibex (Capra sibirica), Experienced a Demographic Fluctuation in China

Pei-Pei Dong, Rui-Rui Wang, Shamshidin Abduriyim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Mountain ungulate; MHC DRB gene; genetic diversity; population fluctuation

Online: 21 July 2023 (09:13:12 CEST)

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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are the most polymorphic genes in vertebrates, and their proteins play a critical role in adaptive immunity for defense against a variety of pathogens. MHC diversity was lost in many species after experiencing a decline in size. To understand the variation and evolution of MHC genes in the Siberian ibex, Capra sibirica, which has undergone a population decline, we analyzed the variation of the second exon of MHC class II DRB genes in samples collected from five geographic localities in Xinjiang, China, that belong to three diverged mitochondrial clades. Consequently, we identified a total of 26 putative functional alleles (PFAs) with 260 bp in length from 43 individuals, and found one (for 27 individuals) to three (for 5 individuals) PFAs per individual, indicating the presence of one or two DRB loci per haploid genome. The Casi-DRB1*16 was the most frequently occurring PFA, Casi-DRB1*22 came after found in only seven individuals, 14 PFAs occurred once (7 PFAs twice), implying high frequency of rare PFAs. Interestingly, more than half of the (15) PFAs were specific to clade I, only one and three PFAs were specific to clades II and III, respectively. So, we assume that the polygamy and sextual segregation nature of this species likely contributed to the allelic diversity of DRB genes. Genetic diversity indices showed that PFAs of clade II were lower in nucleotide, amino acid, and supertype diversity compared to those of the other two clades. The way of allele sharing and FST values between three clades were to some extent in agreement with pattern observed in mitochondrial DNA divergence. In addition, recombination analyses revealed no evidence for significant signatures of recombination events. Alleles shared by clades III and the other two clades diverged 6 million years ago, and systematic neighbor grids showed cross-species polymorphisms. Together with the PAML and MEME analyses, the results indicated that the DRB gene in C. sibirica evolved under balancing and positive selection. However, by comparison, it can be clearly seen that different populations were under different selective pressures. Our results are valuable in understanding the diversity and evolution of the DRB gene in a mountain living C. sibirica and in making decisions on future long-term protection strategies.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0820.v1

Dietary Pattern, Nutrition-Related Knowledge and Attitudes of Working Women in Western Province, Sri Lanka

Ayesha Salwathura, Faruk Ahmed

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Dietary Pattern; Dietary Diversity Score; Nutrition Knowledge; Nutrition Attitudes

Online: 12 June 2023 (10:13:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2067.v1

Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions

Xiaoqian Gu, Zhe Cao, Luying Zhao, Dewi Seswita-Zilda, Qian Zhang, Liping Fu, Jiang Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Metagenomics; red algae; microbial diversity; algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes

Online: 30 May 2023 (07:33:37 CEST)

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Macroalgae and macroalgae-associated bacteria together constitute the most efficient metabolic cycling system in the ocean. Their interactions, especially the responses of macroalgae-associated bacteria communities to algae in different geographical locations, is mostly unknown. In this study, metagenomics was used to analyze the microbial diversity and associated algal polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on the surface of red algae among three remote regions. There were significant differences in the macroalgae-associated bacteria community composition and diversity among the different regions. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria had a significantly high relative abundance among the regions. From the perspective of species diversity, samples from China had the highest macroalgae-associated bacteria diversity, followed by those from Antarctica and Indonesia. In addition, in the functional prediction of the bacterial community, genes associated with amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and membrane transport had a high relative abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis of environmental factors showed that, without considering algae species and composition, pH and temperature were the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community structure. Furthermore, there were significant differences in algal polysaccharide-degrading enzymes among the regions. Samples from China and Antarctica had high abundances of algal polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, while those from Indonesia had extremely low abundances. The environmental differences between these three regions may impose a strong geographic differentiation regarding the biodiversity of algal microbiomes and their expressed enzyme genes. This work expands our knowledge of algal microbial ecology, and contributes to an in-depth study of their metabolic characteristics, ecological functions, and applications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1578.v1

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Guangxi Kumquat (Fortunella Swing) Germplasm Using SRAP Molecular Markers

Binghao Liu, Ping Ding, Rongchun Ye, Yi Li, Shanhan Ou, Alessandra Gentile, Xianfeng Ma, Ziiu Deng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: Guangxi kumquat; Germplasm resources; Diversity; SRAP markers; Genetic analysis

Online: 23 May 2023 (05:06:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0295.v1

Genetic Diversity of Schistosoma Haematobium in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Rabecca Tembo, Panji Nkhoma, Mildred Zulu, Florence Mwaba, John Yabe, Hikabasa Halwiindi, Moses Kamwela, King S. Nalubamba, Chummy S. Sikasunge, Andrew M. Phiri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Urinary schistosomiasis; Schistosoma haematobium; sub-Saharan Africa; Genetic Diversity

Online: 22 March 2022 (04:25:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0162.v1

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth.) from the Peruvian Amazon Assessed by RAPD Markers

Carla Saldaña, Johan Cancan, Wilbert Cruz, Mirian Correa, Miriam Ramos, Eloy Cuellar, Carlos Arbizu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Amazon forest; capirona; molecular markers; genetic diversity; population structure

Online: 7 June 2021 (10:06:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0465.v1

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana) Collection

Alemayehu Teressa Negawo, Meki S. Muktar, Yilikal Assefa, Jean Hanson, Alieu M. Sartie, Ermias Habte, Chris S. Jones

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: DArTSeq markers; genetic diversity; Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana); subset

Online: 20 May 2021 (09:46:57 CEST)

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Working Paper ESSAY

Shifting Our Value System Beyond Citations for a More Equitable Future

Sarah Davies, Hollie Putnam, Tracy Ainsworth, Julia Baum, Colleen Bove, Sarah Crosby, Isabelle Côté, Anne Duplouy, Robinson Fulweiler, Alyssa Griffin, Torrance Hanley, Tessa Hill, Adriana Humanes, Sangeeta Mangubhai, Anna Metaxas, Laura Parker, Hanny Rivera, Nyssa Silbiger, Nicola Smith, Ana Spalding, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Brooke Weigel, Rachel Wright, Amanda Bates

Subject: Social Sciences, Other Keywords: mentorship; citations; bias; sexism; racism; equity; diversity; inclusion; wellbeing

Online: 22 February 2021 (16:17:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0713.v1

The Moderating Effects of Institutional Qualities and Energy Use on the Economic Output

Abdulrasheed Zakari, Jurij Toplak

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: Economic output; Energy use; Institutional quality; cultural diversity; FMOLS

Online: 29 December 2020 (07:44:08 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0149.v1

Advances in Melon Breeding (Cucumis melo L.): An Update

Hari Kesh, Prashant Kaushik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: breeding; diversity; genetic engineering; genomics; male sterility; melon; QTLs

Online: 7 October 2020 (09:22:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0019.v2

Mathematical Basis for the Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Administrative Counter-Strategies

Hans H. Diebner, Anna Kather, Ingo Roeder, Katja de With

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antibiotic cycling; antibiotic mixing; antibiotic resistance; diversity; entropy; heterogeneity

Online: 27 August 2020 (08:03:07 CEST)

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Diversity as well as temporal and spatial changes of the proportional abundances of different antibiotics (cycling, mixing or combinations thereof) have been hypothesised to be an effective administrative control strategy in hospitals to reduce the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in nosocomial or community-acquired infections. However, a rigorous assessment of the efficacy of these control strategies is lacking. The main purpose here is to present a mathematical framework for the assessment of control stategies from a processual stance. To this end, we adopt diverse measures of heterogeneity and diversity of proportional abundances based on the concept of entropy from other fields and adapt them to the needs in assessing the impact of variations in antibiotic consumption on antibiotic resistance. Thereby, we derive a family of diversity measures whose members exhibit different degrees of complexity. Most important, we extent these measures such that they account for the assessment of temporal changes in heterogeneity including otherwise undetected diversity-invariant permutations of antibiotics consumption and prevalence of resistant pathogens. We apply a correlation analysis for the assessment of associations between changes of heterogeneities on the antibiotics and on the pathogen side. As a showcase, which serves as a proof-of-principle, we apply the derived methods to records of antibiotic consumption and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant germs from University Hospital Dresden. Besides the quantification of heterogeneities of antibiotics consumption and antibiotic resistance, we show that a reduction of prevalence of antibiotic-resistant germs correlates with a temporal change of similarity with respect to the first observation of antibiotics consumption, although heterogeneity remains approximately constant. Although an interventional study is pending, our mathematical framework turns out to be a viable concept for the assessment and optimisation of control strategies intended to reduce antibiotic resistance.

Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0152.v1

Let's Stream! A Beginners' Guide to Live-Streaming Scientific Conferences

C. Eduardo Guerra Amorim, Serena Tucci

Subject: Social Sciences, Media Studies Keywords: live-streaming; video-conference; broadcast; scientific conferences; diversity; inclusion

Online: 10 March 2020 (02:29:22 CET)

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