Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) draw much attention as critical semiconductor materials for 2D, optoelectronic, and spin electronic devices. Although controlled doping of 2D semiconductors can also be used to tune their bandgap and type of carrier and further change their electronic, optical, and catalytic properties, it remains an ongoing challenge. Here, we successfully doped a series of metal elements (including Hf, Zr, Gd, Dy) into the monolayers MoS2 through a single-step chemical vapor transport (CVT), and the atomic embedded structure is confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) with a probe corrector measurement. In addition, the host crystal is well preserved, and no random atomic aggregation is observed. More importantly, adjusting the band structure of MoS2 enhanced fluorescence and carrier effect. This work provides a growth method for doping nonlike elements into 2D MoS2 and potentially many other 2D materials to modify their properties.

A Weyl semimetal is a novel crystal with low-energy electronic excitations that behave as Weyl fermions. It has received worldwide interest and was believed to have opened the next era of condensed matter physics after graphene and three-dimensional topological insulators. Howev-er, it is not easy to obtain a single large-size crystal because there are many nucleations in the preparation process. Here, a bottom-seed CVT growth method is proposed in this paper, and we acquired the large-size, high-quality NbAs single crystals up to 5x4x4 mm3 finally. X-ray diffrac-tion and STEM confirmed that they are tetragonal NbAs, which the key is to use seed crystal in vertical growth furnace. Notably, the photoelectric properties of the crystal are obtained under the existing conditions, which paves the way for the follow-up work.

The 11 system in iron-based superconducting family has become one of the most extensively studied materials in the research of high-temperature superconductivity due to their simple structure and rich physical properties. However, the research on 11 iron-based superconductors faces numerous obstacles, mainly stemming from the challenges associated with producing high-quality single crystals. Since the discovery of FeSe superconductivity in 2008, researchers have made significant progress in crystal growth, overcoming the hurdles that initially impeded their studies. Consequently, they have successfully established the complete phase diagrams of 11 iron-based superconductors, including FeSe1-xTex, FeSe1-xSx and FeTe1-xSx. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the preparation methods employed for 11 iron-based single crystals over the past decade. Specifically, we will focus on hydrothermal, chemical vapor transport (CVT), self-flux, and annealing methods. Additionally, we will discuss the quality, size, and superconductivity properties exhibited by single crystals obtained through different preparation methods. By exploring these aspects, we can gain a better understanding of the advantages and limitations associated with each technique.

The development of the automotive industry leads to the improvement of the designs of automatic transmissions and drives and to the development of methods for monitoring and diagnosing their condition. The trend of improving transmissions comes down mainly to the endless improvement of existing designs of CVTs and variators, which inevitably leads to the complication of designs and methods for their control and diagnostics.There is a need to create a fundamentally new simplified gearbox based on the scientific achievements of mechanics. However, the created structures remained inoperable due to the lack of theoretical justification.The adaptive gear variator developed by the author, which has CVT functions, is a mechanism with two degrees of freedom and with an additional constraint of a fundamentally new type, called a force - speed constraint. The force - speed constraint imposes a force restriction on the movement of links, while maintaining the number of degrees of freedom in the kinematics. Monitoring the state of the developed gearbox in the form of a non-switchable gear variator is greatly simplified, since the largest number of faults occur in the control system, and there is no control system in the gear variator. It seems possible to apply the digital twin method to diagnose the developed simplified CVT.The proposed article is devoted to a theoretical description of a fundamentally new adaptive gearbox, created on the basis of the latest achievements in mechanics, with the prospect of developing a simplified monitoring and diagnostic system for it

This study examined the ventral process of C6 in extinct and extant Equus (sister taxa to Equus ferus caballus only) with the purpose of describing normal morphology and identifying anomalous variations relevant to recent studies describing a congenital malformation in E. ferus caballus. Overall, 83 specimens from 9 museums and 3 research/educational facilities were examined – 71 extinct specimens from 12 species and 12 extant specimens from 5 species. The lateral view revealed a large convexity existed in the ventral process between the cranial ventral tubercle (CrVT) and the caudal ventral tubercle (CVT) in the earliest ancestor Hyracotherium grangeri 55mya that receded throughout the millennia to a smaller convexity in E. ferus caballus and sister taxa. The CrVT was visibly shorter and narrower than the CVT with a constricted section directly ventral to the transverse process essentially demarcating the CrVT and CVT. No congenital malformations were evident. As the ventral process of C6 is an integral component for muscle attachment in supporting the head/neck during posture and locomotion, this would indicate the caudal module in the cervical column might be compromised when a partial or complete absence of the CVT is detected via radiographs in modern E. ferus caballus.