Although advertising literacy leads to critical thinking in the face of advertising, but so far, no action has been taken in Iran regarding a tool to measure this type of literacy. And after the investigations, it was determined that although much research has been done on advertising, but the lack of appropriate measurement tools to measure the level of advertising literacy is clearly evident. Therefore, this research provides a valid tool for measuring advertising literacy from students' perspective. In this study, referring to the dimensions of advertising literacy from the perspective of Malmelin (2010) and the views of related professors, a questionnaire was developed and to determine the validity of the structure, confirmatory factor analysis was used. In this study, the statistical population was high school students, considering the impact of advertising in this age range; finally, a tool with four dimensions of informational literacy, aesthetic literacy, rhetorical literacy and promotional literacy was obtained. According to the confirmation of this tool in the present study, it can be used to examine the status of items, their order and prioritization from the perspective of the mentioned population.

Aesthetic ability is a powerful tool that can enhance student learning outcomes in arts education. This study not only determines the effect of aesthetic ability on student learning but also determines the effects of different factors on improvement in students' aesthetic abilities. The data used to investigate the mentioned relationships have been obtained from randomly selected 322 undergraduate students of arts education at different universities in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. The reliability of the data has been tested through Cronbach’s Alpha and regression analysis has been employed to determine the relationships among variables. Study findings revealed that teacher role, clarity of teaching goal, scientific plan, students' guidance, future creation, learning reflection, participation in exhibitions, improvement of art, appreciation of artwork, and innovative teaching methods influence student learning positively and significantly. Further, the effect of improvement in aesthetic ability on student learning has been found to be positive and significant. Based on the findings, some important implications have been discussed at the end of the study.

Cosmetic surgery is the subfield of plastic surgery that enhances appearance mainly for aesthetic reasons. Currently, cosmetic surgery interventions are highly considered appealing and popular all around the world. Several factors have contributed in this rapidly evolving field such as scientific and economic development, breaking down barriers and cultural norms, globalization, social media and mental disorders. Nowadays, the morality of cosmetic surgery is facing many dilemmas due to its benefits and drawbacks. It is proven that the advantages of cosmetic surgery include improved body confidence, mental health, and function. Additionally, aesthetic corrections can upscale the quality of life and create career opportunities for special targeted groups. Also, cosmetic surgery has a major impact in gender affirmation procedures. Although, herein we also describe the disadvantages of this widely developing field such as minor and major medical complications, potential postoperative risks and addiction in plastic surgeries associated with damaging economic issues. Lack in self-confidence, altered mental health status and ethical crisis consist another negative aspects of aesthetic surgery’s impact.

The golden ratio, also known as Phi (ϕ ≈ 1.618034), attracted the interest of mathematicians, artists, and intellectuals for many centuries, probably from when it was discovered in human anthropometry. Even in recent times, researchers found the presence of golden ratio in Renaissance paintings and aesthetic preferences. The reasons behind the fascination with the golden ratio remain unclear, but it has been suggested that stimuli containing this proportion are often perceived as beautiful. However, evidence is conflicting, and the literature struggles to establish the existence of individual preferences for golden ratio. To gain new insights into the nature of these preferences, one hundred participants completed an implicit association task, with either golden ratio or random stimuli presented with positive or negative words. Participants initially categorized the stimuli based on their assigned categories. Then, we assessed their explicit preferences by asking to rate the stimuli in terms of pleasantness and by completing a line bisection task and the Ultimate Game. The results revealed the typical effects observed in implicit association tasks, with improved response times and accuracy when golden ratio stimuli were associated with positive word categories. In contrast, explicit ratings yielded mixed results. We discuss our findings in relation to previous studies that have explored this issue, highlighting the ongoing debate surrounding preferences for the golden ratio.

We examined a series of real-world, pictorial photographs with varying characteristics, along with their modification by noise addition and unsharp masking. As response metrics we used three different versions of the aesthetic measure originally proposed by Birkhoff. The first aesthetic measure, which has been used in other studies, and which we used in our previous work as well, showed a preference for the least complex of the images. It provided no justification for noise addition, but did reveal enhancement on unsharp masking. Optimum level of unsharp masking varied with the image, but was predictable from the individual image’s GIF compressibility. We expect this result to be useful for guiding the processing of pictorial photographic imagery. The second aesthetic measure, that of informational aesthetics based on entropy alone failed to provide useful discrimination among the images or the conditions of their modification. A third measure, derived from the concepts of entropy maximization, as well as the hypothesized preference of observers for “simpler”, i.e., more compressible, images, yielded qualitatively the same results as the more traditional version of the measure. Differences among the photographs and the conditions of their modification were more clearly defined with this metric, however.

There are different treatment options in modern dentistry for the replacement of lost dentition. Of these the most upcoming and acceptable treatment option is Dental implants. The common problem usually with immediate implant placement in the anterior region is the post-operative soft tissue contour as a part of the bone modelling during healing. Hurzeler et al in 2010 introduced a new technique called the “socket shield technique”. This technique has been used as an alternative treatment modality for immediate implant placement in the aesthetic zone.This review articles provides a detailed information regarding the clinical concept of Root membrane technique.

Voronoi mosaics inspired by the seed points placed on the Archimedes Spirals are reported. Voronoi entropy was calculated for these patterns. Equidistant and non-equidistant patterns are treated. Voronoi mosaics built from a sells of equal size which are of a primary importance for decorative arts are reported. The pronounced prevalence of hexagons is inherent for the patterns with an equidistant and non-equidistant distribution of points, when the distance between the seed points is of the same order of magnitude as the distance between the turns of the spiral. Penta- and heptagonal “defected” cells appeared in the Voronoi diagrams due to the finite nature of the pattern. The ordered Voronoi tessellations demonstrating the Voronoi entropy larger than 1.71, reported for the random 2D distribution of points, were revealed. The dependence of the Voronoi entropy on the total number of the seed points located on the Archimedes Spirals is reported. Voronoi tessellations generated by the phyllotaxis-inspired patterns are addressed. The aesthetic attraction of the Voronoi mosaics arising from seed points placed on the Archimedes Spirals is discussed.

(1) Background: This work aimed to conduct the first comparative study providing long-term data about patient reported outcome measures as well as donor-site scar assessment and aesthetic evaluation of the reconstructed breasts in patients with DIEP versus PAP flap breast reconstruction. (2) Methods: This prospective, single-center, matched cohort study included a total of 36 patients after DIEP and PAP flap breast reconstruction. Evaluation was done using the Breast-Q and POSAS questionnaire as well as the Breast Aesthetic Scale for cosmetic analysis by four plastic surgeons. (3) Results: Post-operative Breast-Q evaluation revealed no significant differences between both patient groups for the categories physical well-being donor-site, physical well-being breast and satisfaction with the breast. Scar evaluation of the donor-site region showed equivalent results for the thigh and the abdomen concerning the overall opinion of patients and observers. There was no significant difference between both methods of reconstruction for all aspects of breast aesthetics. (4) Conclusions: Similar results of donor-site morbidity, scar quality and aesthetic outcome of the breast in both the DIEP and PAP patient group have been demonstrated. Hence, in cases suitable for both types of reconstruction, the decision can be based on factors such as patients’ lifestyle, leisure activities and preferences.

The most common long-term complication of silicone breast implants (SMI) remains capsular fibrosis. The etiology of this exaggerated implant encapsulation is multifactorial but primarily induced by the host response towards the foreign material silicone. Identified risk factors included specific implant topographies. Of note, breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), has only been observed in response to textured surface implants. We hypothesize that reduction of SMI surface roughness causes less host response hence better cosmetic outcome with fewer complications for the patient. A total of 7 patients received the routinely used CPX®4 breast expander (~60 µM Ra) and the novel SmoothSilk® (~ 4 µM Ra), fixed prepectoral with a titanised mesh pocket and randomized to the left or right breast after bilateral prophylactic NSME (nipple-sparing mastectomy). We aimed to compare the postoperative outcome regarding capsule thickness, seroma formation, rippling, implant dislocation as well as comfortability and practicability. Our analysis shows that surface roughness is an influential parameter in controlling fibrotic implant encapsulation. First time intra-individually compared in patients, our data confirm an improved biocompatibility with minor capsule formation around SmoothSilk® implants with an average shell roughness of 4 µM and in addition an amplification of host response by titanised implant pockets.