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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0328.v1

Assessing the Spatiotemporal Relationship between Coastal Habitats and Fish Assemblages at Two Neotropical Estuaries of the Mexican Pacific

Victor Muro, Felipe Amezcua, Georgina Ramírez-Ortiz, Francisco Flores-de-Santiago, Felipe Amezcua-Linares, Yareli Hernandez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: mangrove forests; Marine Protected Areas; α-diversity; β-diversity; multivariate analyses

Online: 24 June 2022 (03:28:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0300.v1

NLP Formulation for Polygon Optimization Problems

Saeed Asaeedi, farzad didehvar, Ali Mohades

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: α-MAP; α-MPP; α-MNP; polygon optimization; nonlinear programming; computational geometry

Online: 13 November 2018 (05:28:11 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0257.v2

Quantifying Transcriptome Diversity: A Review

Emma Jones, Anisha Haldar, Vishal Oza, Brittany Lasseigne

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Gene expression; transcriptome diversity; transcriptional variation; transcript diversity; isoform-level diversity; gene-level diversity

Online: 13 April 2023 (03:07:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1767.v1

Stabilization of Hydroxy-α-Sanshool by Antioxidants Present in the Genus Zanthoxylum

Takahiko Mitani, Yasuko Yawata, Nami Yamamoto, Yoshiharu Okuno, Hidefumi Sakamoto, Mitsunori Nishide, Shinichi Kayano

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: Zanthoxylum piperitum; hydroxy-α-sanshool; sanshools; α‐tocopherol; stability; N-alkylamide; phenolic acid

Online: 26 July 2023 (07:32:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0369.v1

A Retrospective Analysis of the Cartilage and Intervertebral Disc Kunitz Protease Inhibitory Proteins Identifies These as Members of The Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Superfamily with potential roles in the protection of the articulatory surface

Susan Smith, James Melrose

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: serine proteinase inhibitor; Kunitz; bikunin; inter-α-trypsin inhibitor; pre-α-trypsin inhibitor.

Online: 31 December 2018 (11:03:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0018.v1

The Aggregation Conditions Define Whether EGCG Is an Inhibitor or Enhancer of α-Synuclein Amyloid Fibril Formation

Rebecca Sternke-Hoffmann, Alessia Peduzzo, Najoua Bolakhrif, Rainer Haas, Alexander K. Buell

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: amyloid; α-synuclein; EGCG; inhibition

Online: 3 February 2020 (05:45:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0222.v1

Inhibitory Potential of Synthetic Amino Acid Derivatives Against Digestive Enzymes–Promising Hypoglycemic and Anti-Obesity Agents

Franciane Campos da Silva, Bruna Celeida Silva Santos, Pedro Pôssa de Castro, Giovanni Wilson Amarante, Orlando Vieira de Sousa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Amino acid derivatives; Digestive enzymes; Pancreatic lipase; Pancreatic α-Amylase; α-Glucosidase; Metabolic disorders

Online: 4 May 2023 (07:59:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1204.v2

Evaluation of the Phytochemical Profiles, Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Four Herbal Teas Originating from China: A Comparative Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanol Extraction

Jin Zhang, Guodong Zhuang, Jinling Lv, Junjia Zhang, Feng Hu, Yongsheng Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: herbal tea; phytochemicals; antioxidant; α-glucosidase

Online: 3 April 2024 (08:22:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1261.v1

An Insight Into the Inhibitory Mechanisms of Hesperidin on α-Glucosidase Through Kinetics, Fluorescence Quenching and Molecular Docking Studies

Kumaravel Kaliaperumal, Linyan Zhang, Liangliang Gao, Qin Xiong, Yan Liang, Yueming Jiang, Jun Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: hesperidin; α-glucosidase; antidiabetic; flavonoid; orange

Online: 19 October 2023 (10:07:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0012.v1

Blockade of mGluR5 in Astrocytes Derived From Human iPSCs Modulates Astrocytic Function and Increases Phagocytosis

Izabella B. Q. De Lima, Pablo L. Cardozo, Julia S. Fahel, Juliana P. S. Lacerda, Fabiola M. Ribeiro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: mGluR5; astrocyte; hiPSC; phagocytosis; TNF-α

Online: 1 June 2023 (03:24:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0689.v1

Molecular Docking Studies of α-Pyrone Derivatives Isolated from Alternaria phragmospora as CRM1 Inhibitors

Ahmed Metwaly, Ibrahim Eissa, Ahmad Mostafa

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Molecular docking; α-Pyrone; antileukemic; CRM1inhibitors

Online: 28 September 2020 (15:35:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0015.v1

A Novel Device-Free Counting Method Based on Channel Status Information

Junhuai Li, Pengjia Tu, Huaijun Wang, Kan Wang, Lei Yu

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: wavelet transform; covariance matrix; spatial diversity; frequency diversity; robustness

Online: 1 August 2018 (10:10:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1175.v1

Metabolic Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Adaptation to “Gluta-mine Addiction” in Cancer Cells: The Role of Glutaminase and the GTωA [Glutamine Transaminase – ω-Amidase (Glutaminase II)] Pathway.

Arthur J.L. Cooper, Thambi Dorai, John T. Pinto, Travis T Denton

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: ω-Amidase; L-glutamine; L-glutamate; L-glutamine addiction; glutaminase II; GLS1; GLS2; glutamine transaminase; GTωA pathway; α-ketoglutaramate; α-ketoglutarate; asparaginase II pathway; asparaginase, α-ketosuccinamate

Online: 18 July 2023 (08:55:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0081.v1

Increased LRG1 Levels in Overweight and Obese Adolescents and Its Association with Obesity Markers including Leptin, Chemerin and High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein

Rashed Alhammad, Mohamed Abu-Farha, Maha M. Hammad, Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj, Arshad Channanath, Nada Alam-Eldin, Reem Al-Sabah, Lemia Shaban, Abdulrahman Alduraywish, Fahd Al-Mulla, Abdur Rahman, Jehad Abubaker

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: adolescents; high sensitivity C-reactive protein; Interleukin 6; Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1; obesity; TNF-α

Online: 6 July 2022 (03:25:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0404.v1

Effects of Land Cover on Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of the Bird Communities in a Subtropical Mountain

Wenwen Zhang, Shengjun Zhao, Xiao Yang, Jing Tian, Ding Chen, Yuan Yu, Jie Shi, Peng Cui, Xue Wang, Chunlin Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Bird community; Functional diversity; Taxonomic diversity; Landscape pattern; Mountain city

Online: 4 January 2024 (11:28:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0354.v1

Discovery and Optimization of Selective Inhibitors of Meprin α (Part I)

Shurong Hou, Juan Diez, Chao Wang, Christoph Becker-Pauly, Gregg B. Fields, Thomas Bannister, Timothy P. Spicer, Louis D. Scampavia, Dmitriy Minond

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: meprin α; meprin β; zinc metalloproteinase; uHTS

Online: 14 December 2020 (16:36:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0284.v1

Inhibition of Pancreatic α-Amylase Activity by a Weight-Loss Herbal Formula RCM-107

Shiqi Luo, George Lenon, Harsharn Gill, Andrew Hung, Daniel A. Dias, Mingdi Li, Toan Linh Nguyen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: obesity; herbal medicine; molecular docking; α-amylase

Online: 25 July 2019 (08:12:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1956.v1

Building a Teleost Fish Traceability Program Based on Genetic Data from Pacific Panama Fish Markets

Edgardo Enrique Díaz-Ferguson, Magaly Sánchez De Chial, Maribel Arlene González Torres, Edgardo A. Muñoz T., Magister Olga Chen, Ovidio Durán, Angel Javier Vega, Carlos Ramos Delgado

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: COI; teleostei; nucleotide diversity; haplotypic diversity; qPCR; demographic history; environmental DNA

Online: 28 June 2023 (07:37:41 CEST)

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Fish tissue samples from 203 adult individuals were collected in the main ports and markets of the Pacific coast of Panama. Molecular identification based on cytochrome oxidase I gene segment of all species was verified GENBANK reference sequences. 34 species from 14 families (Ariidae, Lutjanidae, Caranjidae, Scianidae, Centropomidae, Serranidae, Scombridae, Sphyraenidae, Haemulidae, Gerreidae, Stromotidae, Lobotidae, Malacanthidae, Mugilidae) were identified at species molecular level from 164 sequences. Also, three Caribbean species were molecularly identified among the analyzed samples (Mycteroperca xenarcha, Paralonchurus brasilensis and Lobotes surinamensis). Species diversity was slightly higher in the Gulf of Panama than in the Gulf of Chiriquí. For species with 5 or more individual sequences, genetic diversity and genetic connectivity parameters such as: total number of haplotypes (H), haplotype diversity (Hd), and nucleotide diversity (π) were calculated. Overall, pelagic-migratory species showed higher values of genetic diversity than coastal and estuarine species with some exceptions. Connectivity between Gulf areas was compared using values of genetic distances and genetic differentiation (Fst). High level of connectivity observed between Gulf of Chiriqui and Gulf of Montijo indicates the existence of a single stock in that area for the following species: Scomberomorus sierra, Caranx caninus and Lutjanus guttatus. Demographic history of the most common species was examined using Tajima’s D values suggesting population expansion for two snapper species, L. peru and L. argentiventris, having significant and higher values. Another important contribution from this research was the production of primers and dual labeled probes for environmental DNA detection using qPCR for the five most abundant species (spotted rose snapper, yellow snapper, green jack, Pacific crevalle jack and the Pacific sierra fish). These markers represent a new set of tools for environmental DNA (eDNA) detection and molecular traceability of three commercially important fish species along the supply chain including landing sites and markets of the main fishery areas.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0038.v1

Responses of Individual Plant Species, Functional Groups, α- and β-Diversity to Short-Term Grazing Exclusion under Severe Drought Episode in Long-Term Grazed Alfa-Steppes

Yacine Kouba, Saifi Merdes, Badreddine Saadali, Haroun Chenchouni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Mediterranean steppes; drylands; alpha diversity; beta diversity; rangeland grazing; indicator species

Online: 5 January 2020 (15:22:33 CET)

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Grazing exclusion has been proved to be one of the main measures for rehabilitating degraded arid steppes. However, the effect of this management practice on plant species diversity and composition is ambiguous, specially under prolonged droughts. Concurrently considering the responses of individual plant species, diversity of functional groups, α-diversity, and β-diversity (and its components) may be crucial to the holistic understanding of grazing exclusion effects on plant communities under drought conditions. Here, we investigated the response of these diversity measures to short-term sheep exclusion under severe drought episode in arid steppes of Alfa-grass (Stipa tenacissima) with a long evolutionary history of livestock grazing. Individual species responses were tested based on species occurrence and abundance in either grazed or grazing-excluded steppes, in addition, we used indicator species analysis to assess the strength of the association between plant species and management type. Likewise, α-diversity, abundance- and incidence-based β-diversity, as well as the functional groups’ diversities were quantified using Hill Numbers and compared between the two management types. Sheep grazing exclusion enabled the recovery of various Alfa-steppe indicator species and improved the size of regional species pool, overall α-diversity, and the diversity of therophytes. This management practice decreased the abundance-based β-diversity and the nestedness-resultant fraction of the incidence-based β-diversity at the local scale, while at the landscape scale increased the abundance-based β-diversity and its balanced variation fraction and reduced the incidence-based β-diversity and its turnover component. Furthermore, protection from grazing altered β-diversities scaling patterns by maintaining higher balanced variation in species abundance at large spatial scale and greater abundance-gradient in species composition at the fine-scale. Our results suggest that the implementation of short-term grazing exclusion in degraded arid steppes would be the appropriate management practice for vegetation restoration and plant diversity conservation during prolonged drought periods.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1888.v1

In-Vitro Assessment of The Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of The Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia vulgaris and Trigonella foenum-graecum Extracts Processed by Membrane Technologies

Elena Neagu, Gabriela Paun, Camelia Albu, Gabriel Lucian Radu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory activity, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia vulgaris, Trigonella foenum-graecum, membrane technologies, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, hyaluronidase, lipoxygenase

Online: 28 September 2023 (03:23:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0268.v1

Catch Composition, Seasonality and Biological Aspects of Sharks Caught in the Ecuadorian Pacific

Jesús Briones-Mendoza, Diego Mejía, Pol Carrasco-Puig

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: diversity; abundance; cartilaginous fish

Online: 20 June 2022 (10:10:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0050.v1

Diversity and Reassortment Rate of Influenza a Viruses in Wild Ducks and Gulls

Yulia Postnikova, Anastasia Treshchalina, Elizaveta Boravleva, Alexandra Gambaryan, Aydar Ishmukhametov, Mikhail Matrosovich, Ron A.M. Fouchier, Galina Sadykova, Alexei Prilipov, Natalia Lomakina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Avian influenza; Reassortment; Diversity

Online: 5 May 2021 (12:32:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0010.v1

Biological Hotspot of Ichthyoplankton in the Estuarine Environment Timbulsoko Village, Demak

Hanityo Adi Nugroho, Sutrisno Anggoro, Ita Widowati

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Diversity; Ecology; Fishes; Geoscience

Online: 2 December 2019 (10:38:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0346.v1

Biological Hotspot larva Ikan Diperairan Estuari Desa Timbulsoko, Demak

Hanityo Nugroho, Sutrisno Anggoro , Ita Widowati

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: diversity; ecology; fishes; geoscience

Online: 31 July 2019 (04:40:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0308.v1

Effects of Different Feeding Patterns on the Rumen Bacterial Community of Tan Lambs, based on High-Throughput Sequencing of 16S rDNA Amplicons

Lili Zhang, Yanliang Bi, Jie Zhang, Zilin Fu, Xiaofeng Xu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Alpha diversity; Beta diversity; Mutton quality; Pasture-fed; Pen-fed; Tan lambs

Online: 13 April 2023 (08:01:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0018.v2

Comparing Measures of Community Lineage Diversity across North American Forests

Kyle G. Dexter, Ricardo A. Segovia, Andy Griffiths

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: temperate forests; species richness; lineage diversity; phylogenetic diversity; United States; trees; TILD

Online: 13 February 2019 (10:15:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0283.v1

Geomorphology and Altitude Effects on Diversity and Structure of Vanishing Montane Forest of Southern Ecuador

Omar Cabrera, Angel Benítez, Nixon Cumbicus, Carlos Naranjo, Pablo Ramón, Fani Tinitana, Adrián Escudero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: alpha diversity; beta diversity; floristic arrangement; geological landscapes; geomorphology; Ecuador; mountain forests

Online: 15 October 2018 (06:19:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0783.v1

Exploration of Wendan Pomelo Peel from Four Different Growing Regions by LC-MS and Bioactivity Analysis

Jinlan Lu, Wenshu Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Wendan pomelo peel; chemical components; Antioxidant; α-glucosidase

Online: 12 December 2023 (06:54:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0093.v1

Pasting Properties of Various Waxy Rice Flours: Effect of α-Amylase Activity, Protein, and Amylopectin

Yuehui Wang, Kuijie Sun, Wenchang Zhu, Wenping Ding, Qingyun Lyu, Lei Chen, Guozhen Wang, Kun Zhuang, Xi Chen

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: waxy rice starch; α-amylase; protein; amylopectin structure

Online: 4 November 2021 (08:00:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0347.v1

In Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia, Increased Iron Overload is Associated with Lower Serum Alpha-klotho, Which is Strongly Associated with Lower Total and Ionized Calcium Concentrations

Michael Maes, Shatha Rouf Moustafa, Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim, Zainab Hussein Alhillawi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Calcium; α-klotho; inflammation; oxidative stress; antioxidants; biomarkers

Online: 16 July 2020 (10:49:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0293.v1

Effects of Amino Acid Side Chain Length and Chemical Structure on Anionic Polyglutamic and Polyaspartic Acid Cellulose-Based Polyelectrolyte Brushes

Dmitry Tolmachev, George Mamistvalov, Natalia Lukasheva, Sergey Larin, Mikko Karttunen

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: mineralization; polyelectrolyte brushes; poly(amino acids); poly-(α,L-glutamic acid); poly-(α,L-aspartic acid); cellulose; molecular dynamics simulation.

Online: 13 May 2021 (13:09:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0060.v1

Doubling the Accuracy of Indoor Location: Frequency Diversity

Berthold Horn

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: indoor location; fine time measurement; round trip time; FTM; RTT; IEEE 802.11mc; IEEE 802.11-2016; time diversity; spatial diversity; bandwidth diversity; frequency diversity; Bayesian grid; observation model; transition model

Online: 8 January 2020 (04:18:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0103.v1

Microsatellite Sequence Polymorphisms Reveals Substantial Diversity in Caribbean Breadfruit [Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg] Germplasm

Oral O Daley, Angela T Alleyne, Laura B Roberts-Nkrumah, Lambert A Motilal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Crop germplasm; genetic diversity; nucleotide diversity; nucleotide polymorphism; SSR markers; un-derutilized crop

Online: 2 February 2024 (04:54:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2045.v1

Influence of Enzymes Combination (α-Amylase and and β-Amylase) for Maltodextrin Production from Cassava Solid Waste (Onggok)

Aniek Sri Handayani, Noverra Mardhatillah Nizardo, Jihan Nabila, Annisa Nurul Syabila

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: maltodextrin; dextrose equivalent; enzymatic hydrolysis; α-amylase; β-amylase

Online: 27 December 2023 (09:44:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2192.v1

Andrographis paniculata Leaves Extract Alleviates UVB-induced HaCaT Cells through Suppressing MAPKs Activation

Al Borhan Bayazid, Ue kyoung Hwang, Young-Ah Jang, Yeong Hwan Jeong, Yu Chang Jo, Beong Ou Lim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Andrographis paniculate; MAPKs; interleukin; PPAR-α; skin barrier function

Online: 1 September 2023 (07:26:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0882.v1

Molecular Pathways Disturbances during COVID-19 Lead to Cardiomyocyte Necroptosis

Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian, Mohammad Soleimani, Navid Farahmandian, Seyed-Mohamad-Sadegh Mirahmadi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; Necroptosis; NFAT; NO; TNF-α; NF-κB

Online: 25 April 2023 (04:06:34 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0108.v1

Towards a Biological Definition of Parkinson’s Disease

Günter U. Höglinger, Charles H. Adler, Daniela Berg, Christine Klein, Tiago F. Outeiro, Werner Poewe, Ronald Postuma, Jon Stoessl, Anthony E. Lang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; genetics; α-synuclein; neurodegeneration; clinical manifestation; diagnosis

Online: 7 April 2023 (03:54:11 CEST)

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With the growing hope that disease-modifying treatments could target the molecular basis of neurodegenerative diseases even before the onset of symptoms, there is mounting pressure to define disease entities based on pathophysiology rather than on clinical syndromes. The Alzheimer’s disease research community has recently transitioned from diagnostic criteria based on an amnestic syndrome to a purely biomarker-based disease definition, relying on the demonstration of amyloid-beta pathology, tau pathology, and neurodegeneration. In contrast, current diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease still rely on the presence of the well-described clinical syndrome of parkinsonism, with the addition of characteristic motor- and non-motor signs and symptoms. However, there is now unequivocal evidence that Parkinson’s disease starts years before the onset of parkinsonism. Furthermore, neuropathologically defined Lewy body disease is clinically heterogeneous, combining a range of motor, non-motor, dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic features. Finally, clinically defined Parkinson’s disease has diverse underlying etiologies most, but not all, associated with α-synuclein positive Lewy pathology. In light of recent scientific advances, we propose a biologically based definition for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, initially to be used for research purposes. The criteria use a three-component ‘G-S-N’ system. The first is documentation of defined gene variants (‘G’), which cause or strongly predispose to PD as the most upstream component. The second is α-synuclein pathology (‘S’), currently defined as pathological α-synuclein deposition in tissue or positive α-synuclein seeding assays. The third is evidence of underlying neurodegeneration (‘N’), currently defined by specific neuroimaging procedures. The associated clinical syndrome (‘C’) is defined by a single high-specificity feature or multiple lower-specificity features. Initiating this transition will enable the field to fuel both basic and clinical research and move closer to the precision medicine required to develop clinically meaningful disease-modifying therapies. We acknowledge current limitations, ethical implications, and the need for prospective validation of this approach.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0142.v1

Glycophagy – the Physiological Perspective on A Newly Characterized Glycogen-Selective Autophagy

Lea M.D. Delbridge, Parisa Koutsifeli, Sarah P.T. Fong, Marco Annandale, Kate L. Weeks, James R. Bell, Kimberley M. Mellor

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: glycogen; autophagy; lysosome; Stbd1; Gabarapl1; acid α-glucosidase (Gaa)

Online: 8 August 2022 (09:58:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0198.v1

Direct Interaction of Avian Cryptochrome 4 with a Cone Specific G-protein

Katharina Görtemaker, Chad Yee, Rabea Bartölke, Heide Behrmann, Jan-Oliver Voß, Jessica Schmidt, Jingjing Xu, Vita Solovyeva, Bo Leberecht, Elmar Behrmann, Henrik Mouritsen, Karl-Wilhelm Koch

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: magnetoreception; cryptochrome; G protein α-subunit; protein-protein interaction

Online: 14 June 2022 (08:37:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0380.v1

Bacteria, Lipopolysaccharides, Amyloid and the Role of Iron Dysregulation in Parkinson’s Disease

Marthinus Janse van Vuuren, Theodore Albertus Nell, Jonathan Ambrose Carr, Douglas B Kell, Etheresia Pretorius

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Bacteria; Lipopolysaccharides; Gingipains; Amyloid and Parkinson’s disease; α-Synuclein

Online: 13 November 2020 (13:22:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0122.v1

Synergistic Hepatoprotective Interaction between α-Tocopherol and Ascorbic Acid on Paracetamol Induced Liver Damage in Rats

Saidul Islam Khan, Mahmuda Begum, Rama Chowdhury, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Muhammad Asaduzzaman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Hepatoprotective; ascorbic acid; α-tocopherol; paracetamol; ALT; MDA; Histology

Online: 9 June 2020 (11:40:38 CEST)

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Background and objectives: The hepatoprotective activity of vitamin E and C is evident due to their ability of modulating the antioxidant pathway. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on paracetamol induced liver damage with offsetting various levels of drug treatment following an in vivo experimental protocol on Wistar albino male rats. Materials and Methods: The level of lipid peroxidation as well as histological examination of liver tissues were observed among 50 Wistar albino male rats to evaluate hepatoprotective effect of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on hepatocytes. The experiment was divided into 5 groups (10 rats in each group)- Basal control group (Group-I, with propylene glycol), Paracetamol treated control group (Group –II), α-tocopherol pretreated & paracetamol treated group (Group –III), Ascorbic acid pretreated & paracetamol treated group (Group –IV) and Ascorbic acid pretreated & paracetamol treated group (Group –IV). Results: The mean (± SD) Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were significantly reduced in α-tocopherol pretreated and paracetamol treated group (P<0.001), Ascorbic acid pretreated and paracetamol treated group (P≤0.05) and combined α-tocopherol with ascorbic acid pretreated & paracetamol treated group (P<0.001). Statistically significant differences in histological findings of rat liver were observed in paracetamol treated control group (P<0.001), ascorbic acid pretreated and paracetamol treated group (P<0.001). The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was also significantly higher in paracetamol treated group (P<0.001), α-tocopherol pretreated plus paracetamol treated group (P≤0.05) and in ascorbic acid pretreated plus paracetamol treated group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The combined pretreatment of α-tocopherol & ascorbic acid have better hepatoprotective effects than α-tocopherol or ascorbic acid alone against paracetamol induced liver damage. The decrement of free radicals produced by vitamin E could be a better hepatoprotective antioxidant than vitamin C in paracetamol induced toxicity.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0144.v2

Synthesis of Siloxyalumoxanes and Alumosiloxanes Based on Organosilicon Diols

Galina I. Shcherbakova, Pavel A. Storozhenko, Alexander V. Kisin

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: organosiloxyalumoxanes; organoalumosiloxanes; triisobutylaluminum; tetraisobutylalumoxane; diphenylsilanediol; α-diol, γ-diol

Online: 2 October 2017 (13:02:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0013.v1

Potential Application of Modified α-Mangostin Xanthones from Garcinia mangostana as Antibacterial Agents in Food Packaging

Srinivasan Narasimhan, Shanmugam Maheshwaran, Palmiro Poltronieri, Imad A. Abu-Yousef, Amin F. Majdalawieh, Janarthanam Rethavathi, Prince Edwin Das

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: α-mangostin; antibacterial; antifungal; food packaging; semi-synthetic modification

Online: 2 August 2016 (09:02:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1730.v1

Genetic Diversity of Human Norovirus in Children Less Than 5 Years of Age With Acute Gastroenteritis in Rural Communities in the Gambia

Sheriffo Jagne, M. Jahangir Hossain, Martin Antoni, Abdul Karim Sesay, Muhammed Khalie Abdul, Nuredin I. Mohammed, Madikay Senghore, Alansana Darboe, Jarra Manneh, Abdoulie Kanteh, Dam Khan, Saikou Y Bah, Ndaw Sylvanus Peter, Osbourne Quaye, George Enyimah Armah

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Norovirus genetic diversity genogroups genotypes

Online: 24 January 2024 (10:15:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1390.v1

Evaluation of Wild Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Ecotypes from Northeastern Türkiye

Gulce Ilhan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: Raspberry; underutilized fruits; characterization; diversity

Online: 19 January 2024 (03:12:32 CET)

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Located between Asia and Europe, Türkiye is very rich in terms of wild edible fruit diversity. One of the most important wild edible fruits in Türkiye is red raspberries and they widely found in cold to warm temperate regions in the country. The wild raspberries in general have red fruit color but yellow fruited genotypes are evident. A total of 11 wild grown red raspberry genotypes sampled in Northern Anatolia region was used in this study and their sensory, biochemical and antioxidant characteristics were determined. For sensory analysis aroma, taste and juiciness were used as the main criteria to compare ecotypes each other. Biochemical and antioxidant characteristics of ecotypes included SSC (Soluble Solid Content), vitamin C, organic acids, total anthocyanins (TA), total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total antioxidant capacity. FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) assay was used to determine antioxidant capacity. There were significant differences among ecotypes for most of the searched parameters even they found similar growing condition. The ecotypes had fruit weight between 1.04 g and 1.33 g, and fruit Chroma value between 26.11 and 33.70. Vitamin C content of ecotypes were quite variable and ranged from 29.3 mg/100 g to 41.4 mg/100 g. The total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, total flavonoid content was between 164-362 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g; 17.3-33.3 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent/100 g and 10.3-17.2 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g, respectively. Citric acid was the dominant organic acid for all genotypes and ranged from 10.3-14.6 g/100 g fresh weight base. According to the results V-4, V-8, V-3 and V-10 had attractive bigger fruits indicate their suitability for fresh consumption. V-3 and V-5 had sweeter fruits indicated their suitability for processing and V-6, V-7 and V-11 had richer for human health promoting compounds (higher total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity), making them suitable for future use as functional foods and as promising sources of natural antioxidants.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0284.v1

Building Consensus around the Assessment and Interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae Diversity

Sarah Davies, Matthew H. Gamache, Lauren I. Howe-Kerr, Nicola G. Kriefall, Andrew C. Baker, Anastazia T. Banaszak, Line K. Bay, Anthony J. Bellantuono, Debashish Bhattacharya, Cheong Xin Chan, Danielle C. Claar, Mary Alice Coffroth, Ross Cunning, Simon K. Davy, Javier del Campo, Erika M. Diaz-Almeyda, Jorg C. Frommlet, Lauren E. Fuess, Raul A. Gonzalez-Pech, Tamar L. Goulet, Kenneth D. Hoadley, Emily J. Howells, Benjamin C. C. Hume, Dustin W. Kemp, Carly, D. Kenkel, Sheila A. Kitchen, Todd C. LaJeunesse, Senjie Lin, Shelby McIlroy, Ryan McMinds, Matthew R. Nitschke, Clinton A. Oakley, Raquel S. Peixoto, Carlos Prada, Hollie M. Putnam, Kate Quigley, Hannah G. Reich, James Davis Reimer, Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty, Stephanie Rosalas, Osama S. Saad, Eugenia M. Sampayo, Scott Santos, Eiichi Shoguchi, Edward G. Smith, Michael Stat, Timothy G. Stephens, Marie E. Strader, David J. Suggett, Timothy D. Swain, Cawa Tran, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Christian R. Voolstra, Mark E. Warner, Virginia M. Weis, Rachel Wright, Tingting Xiang, Hiroshi Yamashita, Maren Ziegler, Adrienne M.S. Correa, John Everett Parkinson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Symbiodinaceae; genetic diversity; coral symbiosis

Online: 21 June 2022 (04:49:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0397.v1

Simple Method for Assessing Diversity and Dynamics of Microbial Community: Comparison of Dairy Phages from Industrial and Spontaneous Fermentation

Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt, Bernadeta Pietrzak, Iwona Kawacka, Klaudia Malak, Weronika Wawrzyniak, Marcin Schmidt

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: phage; dairy; Lactococcus; diversity; community

Online: 19 August 2021 (10:30:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0254.v1

Distribution of Insect in Protected Forest Area in Ambon City

fransina latumahina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Insects; Diversity; ecosystem health; Ambon

Online: 9 March 2021 (10:03:23 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0021.v1

Safe Fieldwork Strategies for At-Risk Individuals

Amelia-Juliette Demery, Monique Pipkin

Subject: Social Sciences, Safety Research Keywords: diversity; inclusion; equity; fieldwork; research

Online: 2 August 2020 (11:55:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0366.v1

Does Islam Practice Tolerance? Some Notes from Quranic Perspective

Abur Hamdi Usman

Subject: Social Sciences, Religion Keywords: Tolerance; Religion; Islam; Society; Diversity

Online: 19 July 2018 (15:43:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0179.v1

Economic Diversity and the Resource Curse: A Dynamic Panel Model

Fred Olayele, Kwok Soo

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: Diversity; resource curse; economic growth.

Online: 13 April 2018 (14:18:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0247.v1

Species Diversity of Oak Stands and Its Significance for Drought Resistance

Jan Kotlarz, Sylwia Nasiłowska, Karol Rotchimmel, Katarzyna Kubiak

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: drought; diversity; oaks; remote sensing

Online: 26 January 2018 (04:52:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0116.v1

Evaluation of Diversification Techniques for Legal Information Retrieval

Marios Koniaris, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Yannis Vassiliou

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: diversity; algorithms; legal information retrieval

Online: 23 November 2016 (09:50:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0385.v1

mySORT: A Web Framework by using Deconvolution Approach to Estimating Immune Cell Composition from Complex Tissues

Shu-Hwa Chen, Bo-Yi Yu, Wen-Yu Kuo, Ya-Bo Lin, Sheng-Yao Su, I-Hsuan Lu, Chung-Yen Lin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Cancer; Immunotherapy; Deconvolution; Alpha diversity; Beta diversity; Precision medicine; Microenvironment; Single-cell RNA sequencing

Online: 13 November 2020 (14:18:40 CET)

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Cancer immunotherapy reaches a remarkable achievement in various cancer types and brings new possibilities to improve cancer patients’ long-term survival. However, outcomes vary from case to case, and the present protocol benefits a small fraction of patients. One notable factor is the tumor microenvironment, especially the immune cell components, that may reflect the immune response's status quo on site. Thus, understanding the content of infiltrating immune cells in tumors is not only for research interesting but also a crucial subject toward precision medicine. We implement an algorithm for resolving relative proportions of twenty-one immune cell subclasses from a human tissue profiled transcriptome by microarray technology to reach the goal above. By selecting gene features and then adopting ?-Support Vector Regression, we can construct a deconvolution model and resolve the immune cell context. The excellent consistency between the estimated values and the correct immune-cell composition further demonstrates this approach provides a more natural alternative to revealing samples' immune cell content and reliable results like recent single-cell technologies. Based on this algorithm, the web-based deconvolution tool implemented named mySORT provides a user-friendly interface for estimating the immune cell content by uploading gene expression profiling. We also present comprehensive visualization 2D/3D plots in mySORT so that users can easily make a comparison between different samples. Finally, we synthesized pseudo-bulk expression data from single-cell transcriptomic datasets of 17 melanoma and 16 head and neck cancer patients. The deconvolution results of microarray-based data in the previous study and synthetic pseudo-bulk data all proved the excellent performance of mySORT. We believe that mySORT can help researchers in all fields easily understand complex immune microenvironment. The website of mySORT is freely accessible on https://symbiosis.iis.sinica.edu.tw/mySORT/.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0627.v1

BIOFACQUIM: A Mexican Compound Database of Natural Products

B. Angélica Pilón-Jiménez, Fernanda I. Saldívar-González, Bárbara I. Díaz-Eufracio, José L. Medina-Franco

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Theoretical Chemistry Keywords: chemical space; chemical data set; chemoinformatics; consensus diversity plot; drug discovery; molecular diversity; visualization

Online: 30 November 2018 (10:06:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0164.v1

Analysis of the Level of Adiponectin and Selected Cytokines in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Iosif Ilia, Paula Diana Ciordas, Diana Nitusca, Alina Anton, Catalin Marian

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: knee osteoarthritis; biomarkers; adiponectin; IL-6; IL-10; TNL-α.

Online: 5 March 2024 (06:00:38 CET)

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Background and Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative disease that is targeting continuously people of different ages, but especially the elderly population, the number of which tends to increase continuously at the global level. Apart from age, excess weight can influence the evolution of the disease, with obesity being associated with a weak inflammation stage, and an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The present work aimed to identify specific biomarkers alike ACRP-30, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-6 in synovial fluid and correlate them with patients’ clinical data. Materials and Methods: 24 subjects with KOA and over 50 years of age are involved in the present study. All patients performed a supine X-ray at the target knee. Ultrasound was performed using an ESAOTE MyLab Omega (ESAOTE Spa, Italy) ultrasound device and a 6-19 MHz linear array transducer. Results: The obtained results highlighted a significant correlation between age and adiponectin level (p=0.0451, r=-0.412). Also, the IL-10 values are lower in cases where the intensity of the pain is more pronounced (p=0.0405, r=-0.421). In addition, analyzing the data by gender, it was observed that in the case of males, stiffness is more related to age (p=0.0079, r=0.7993), compared to women (p=0.0203, r=0.6223). In the case of women, the progression of the disease tends to increase more intensively total WOMAC score’s values (p=0.00031, r=0.8342), compared with men (p=0.0289, r=7013). Regarding interleukins and BMI, significant correlations were observed only in the case of men. Conclusions: A significant correlation between age and adiponectin, and adiponectin and IL-6, suggests that advanced age may contribute to adiponectin reduction. Comparing men with women, it was observed that men's age is more related to rigidity, and IL-6 and IL-10 are directly correlated to BMI and women seem to be more sensitive to pain and stiffness.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0170.v1

Decrease of α-Globin and Increase of the Autophagy-Activating Kinase ULK1 mRNA in Erythroid Precursors from β-Thalassemia Patients Treated with Sirolimus

Matteo Zurlo, Cristina Zuccato, Lucia Carmela Cosenza, Jessica Gasparello, Maria Rita Gamberini, Alice Stievano, Monica Fortini, Marco Prosdocimi, Alessia Finotti, Roberto Gambari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: β-thalassemia; autophagy; fetal hemoglobin; α-globin; rapamycin; sirolimus; ULK1

Online: 4 September 2023 (10:43:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1402.v1

Expression and Activation of the NF-κB Pathway Correlates with Methotrexate Resistance and Cell Proliferation in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Rafael R. Canevarolo, Nathalia M. Cury, José Andrés Yunes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; methotrexate; NF-κB; TNF-α; drug resistance

Online: 19 August 2023 (12:13:09 CEST)

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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Although prognosis continually improved along years, a significant proportion of patients still relapse from the disease due to leukemia resistance to therapy. Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist, is a chemotherapy agent commonly used against ALL and a immune-system suppressant for rheumatoid arthritis, that presents multiple and complex mechanisms of action and resistance. Previous studies have shown that MTX modulates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, an important family of transcription factors involved in inflammation, immunity, cell survival, and proliferation, frequently hyperactivated in ALL. Using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on publicly available gene expression data from 161 newly diagnosed pediatric ALL patients, we found “TNF-α signaling pathway” to be the most enriched Cancer Hallmark in MTX poor responder patients. Transcriptomic analysis in a panel of ALL cell lines (6 BCP-ALL and 7 T-ALL) also identified the same pathway as differentially enriched among MTX resistant cell lines, as well as in slowly dividing cells. To better understand the crosstalk between NF-κB activity and MTX resistance, we genetically modified the cell lines to express luciferase under a NF-κB biding site promoter. We observed that the fold change in NF-κB activity triggered by TNF-α (but not MTX) treatment correlated with MTX resistance and proliferation across the lines. At the individual gene level, NFKB1 expression was directly associated with a poorer clinical response to MTX, and with both an increased TNF-α-triggered NF-κB activation and MTX resistance in the cell lines. Despite these results, pharmacological inhibition (with BAY 11-7082 and parthenolide) or stimulation (with exogenous TNF-α supplementation) of the NF-κB pathway did not alter MTX resistance of the cell lines significantly, evidencing a complex interplay between MTX and NF-κB in ALL.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0579.v1

Haematological Profile of Hb Adana Among High School Students in Northeast of Peninsular, Malaysia

Lee Miin Phoon, Mat Jusoh Siti Asmaa, Nur Atikah Zakaria, Suryati Hussin, Rosnah Bahar, Mohd Nazri Hassan, Zefarina Zulkafli, Salfarina Iberahim, Marne Abdullah, Noor Haslina Mohd Noor, Shafini Mohd Yusoff, Marini Ramli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: Hb Adana; non-deletional α-thalassaemia; Hb Constant Spring; HbE

Online: 8 June 2023 (03:58:49 CEST)

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Hb Adana is a non-deletional α-thalassaemia variant, due to mutations in α1- or α2-globin codon 59 (αCD59) that produce unstable α-globin. Clinical appearance can range from silent carrier to blood transfusion reliance, hepatosplenomegaly, skeletal deformities, and spinal cord compression. Despite the importance of Hb Adana inheritance, this Hb variant is challenging to study since molecular tests are scarce and routine diagnosis can be missed. This study explored the distribution of Hb Adana among local high school students and evaluate the hematological parameters and haemoglobin analysis of Hb Adana in this region of Malaysia. This retrospective study included 13,721 blood samples from high school students enrolled in Malaysia's National Thalassaemia Screening Program at Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II (HRPZ II). Multiplex Gap PCR was used to detect deletional α-thalassaemia. Common non-deletional α-thalassaemia was detected using multiplex ARMS PCR. Evaluable data were retrieved from the HRPZ II database. Results: A total of 2327 subjects exhibited common deletional (n=1037, 44.6%) and non-deletional (n=1290, 55.4%) α-thalassaemia. Hb Constant Spring was the most frequent non-deletional α-thalassaemia. Thirty-one participants (1.33%) had αCD59α/αα and one (0.04%) had αCD59α/-α3.7. The 32 Hb Adana subjects were 87.5% Malay, and 12.5% Orang Asli. Additionally, seven cases of HbE/Hb Adana were discovered. The haemoglobin level in heterozygous Hb Adana ranged from mild anaemia to normal, 95.0 g/L to 153.0 g/L. The MCV and MCH were approximately 73 fL and 23 pg, respectively. Conclusions: We have denoted the distribution of alpha thalassaemia mutation patterns among high school students in Kelantan, Northeast Peninsular of Malaysia. Our observation showed Hb Adana was rarely uncommon in our region and the co-inheritance with an α-gene deletion generates α+-thalassaemia; with HbE, α0-thalassaemia. All heterozygous Hb Adana exhibited low MCVs and MCHs.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0405.v1

Novel α-Amylase Inhibitor Hemi-pyocyanin Produced by Microbial Conversion of Chitinous Discards

Thi Hanh Nguyen, San-Lang Wang, Anh Dzung Nguyen, Manh Dung Doan, Thi Ngoc Tran, Chien Thang Doan, Van Bon Nguyen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: α-amylase inhibitors; diabetes; hemi-pyocyanin; marine discards; microbial conversion

Online: 31 March 2022 (10:47:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0197.v1

Zircon (U-Th)/He Closure Temperature Lower than Apatite Ther-Mochronometric Systems: Reconciliation of a Paradox

Benjamin Gilles Gérard, Xavier Robert, Cécile Gautheron, Djordje Grujic, Laurence Audin, Matthias Bernet, Mélanie Balvay

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: Zircon thermochronometry; α-dose; (U-Th)/He; Andes; Machu Picchu

Online: 13 December 2021 (12:33:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0138.v1

Green Synthesis of Hexagonal Hematite (α-Fe2O3 ) Flakes Using Pluronic F127-Gelatin Template for Adsorption and Photodegradation of Ibuprofen

Maria Ulfa, Didik Prasetyoko, Hasliza Bahruji, Reva Edra Nugraha

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: α- Fe2O3; hematite; gelatin; f-127; hexagonal-flake; adsorption; ibuprofen

Online: 8 October 2021 (11:17:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0541.v1

The Physical Adsorption of Gelatinized Starch With Tannic Acid Decreases the Inhibitory Activity of the Polyphenol Against α-Amylase

Yueyi Wang, Fangting Bai, Junwei Cao, Lijun Sun

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: α-Amylase inhibition; Tannic acid; Mixing order; Binding interactions; Adsorption

Online: 22 March 2021 (15:35:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0383.v1

Discovery and Optimization of Selective Inhibitors of Meprin α (Part II)

Chao Wang, Juan Diez, Hajeung Park, Christoph Becker-Pauly, Gregg B. Fields, Timothy P. Spicer, Louis D. Scampavia, Dmitriy Minond, Thomas D. Bannister

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: meprin α; meprin β; zinc metalloproteinase; medicinal chemistry; probe development

Online: 15 December 2020 (12:56:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0375.v1

Synthesis of Diabetic II Inhibitors Based on 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and their Molecular Docking Study

Muhammad Taha, Fazal Rahim, Shawkat Hayat, Manikandan Selvaraj, Rai Khalid Farooq, Sayed Adnan Ali Shah, Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: synthesis; 2-mercaptabezimidazole; sulfonamide; molecular docking study; α-amylase; sa

Online: 29 November 2019 (10:28:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0417.v1

Oscillatory Behavior of Three Dimensional α-Fractional Delay Differential Systems

Adem Kilicman, V. Sadhasivam, M. Deepa, N. Nagajothi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: oscillation; nonlinear differential system; delay differential system; α-fractional derivative

Online: 18 October 2018 (11:14:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0085.v1

The Results on Vertex Domination in Fuzzy Graphs

Mohammadesmail Nikfar

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Vision And Graphics Keywords: fuzzy graph; α-strong arcs; weight of nodes; vertex domination

Online: 8 April 2018 (08:24:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0030.v1

An Inhibition Effect on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Fibrosis of db/db Mice through Reduction of Myocardial Protein N-glycosylation by Crude 1-DNJ Extract from Homemade Bombyx Batryticatus mori.L

Qing Zhao, Tan Zhu Jia, Qi Chen Cao, Fang Tian, Wan Tao Ying

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: 1-DNJ; diabetic cardiomyopathy; fibrosis; N-glycosylation; α 1,6-Fucosylation

Online: 5 March 2018 (04:08:49 CET)

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The Chinese drug Bombyx Batryticatus mori.L which also named as the white stiff silkworm is widely used in clinics, due to the significant antispasmodic and promotional blood circulation effects. In addition, its hypoglycemic effect is also recognized in recent years. From a pathological point of view, the enzymatic glycosylation and non-enzymatic glycation both have important roles in regulating properties of proteins and are associated with Diabetes. With the db/db mouse model, we examined the alterations of N-glycosylation of diabetic myocardium at primary stage and clarify the differences in glycosylation of myocardium before and after with 1-DNJ treatment. Hydrophilic chromatography solid phase extraction enrichment and LC-MS/MS identification was applied to profile the alternations in protein glycosylation. Meanwhile, N-glycan α1, 6-fucosylation alterations were profiled with LCA lectin blot and FITC-labelled lectin affinity histochemistry. Our results showed that AGES, hydroxyproline, CTGF and other serum indicators and fibrosis related cytokines expressional levels were reduced significantly by 1-DNJ in a dose-dependent manner. In order to verify this result, the well-known pathway of TGF-β/smad2/3 was picked out and α1, 6-core fucosylated TGFR-βⅡwas semi-quantified with western blot method. The result sustained the conclusion from LCA lectin affinity histochemistry and lectin blot analysis. The expressional level of α1, 6-fucosyltransferase mRNA was increased in the myocardium of db/db mice, however, the 1-DNJ administration did not show obvious inhibitory effect on FU8 expression. This unexpected result can be interpreted as 1-DNJ plays the roles by reducing the concentration of substrate rather than inhibiting α1，6-fucose glycosyltransferase expression. Meanwhile, 1-DNJ crude extract from BBm with some flavonoids accompany can also play the roles of anti-oxidant, and all the chemicals protect the diabetic myocardium from hyperglycemia damage commonly.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0787.v1

A Highly Homogeneous Airborne Fungal Community Around a Copper Open-Pit Mine Reveals a Poor Contribution by the Local Aerosolization of Particles

Sebastián Fuentes-Alburquenque, Victoria Olivencia Suez, Omayra Aguilera, Blanca Águila, Luis Rojas Araya, Dinka Mandakovic

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: microbial community; diversity; air; fungi; bioaerosol

Online: 11 April 2024 (08:03:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1642.v1

Shrews (Soricidae) and Viruses Identified in Shrews

Huan-Yu Gong, Rui-Xu Chen, Su-Mei Tan, Xiu Wang, Ji-Ming Chen, Yuan-Long Zhang, Ming Liao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: shrew; virus; diversity; domestic animal; human

Online: 21 December 2023 (10:25:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0860.v1

Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Strategies in Engineering and Computer Science

Adan Amer, Gaganpreet Sidhu, Maria Isabel Ramirez Alvarez, Juan Antonio Lopez Ramos, Seshasai Srinivasan

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Software Keywords: Equity; Diversity; Inclusion; strategies; priority areas

Online: 12 December 2023 (10:23:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0945.v1

Metataxonomic Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Pigeon Pea after Soaking in Water

Yuni Sine, Donny Widianto, Yekti Asih Purwestri, Byong H. Lee, Widodo Widodo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: pigeon pea; bacterial diversity; metataxonomic analysis

Online: 16 October 2023 (13:15:21 CEST)

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: With the increase in demand for non-dairy starter cultures and probiotic bacteria as carriers, the use of legumes (also called pulses) as an alternative has gained momentum. In this study, we investigated the diversity of bacterial communities in samples of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) soaked in water for 12 h and 24 h. We soaked 500 g of pigeon pea in sterile distilled water at room temperature (± 25 °C) for 12 h and 24 h; 10 mL of the soaking water was then collected to measure the bacterial diversity using a metataxonomic analysis. The V1–V9 regions on the 16S ribosomal RNA gene were amplified using 27F and 1492R primers under specific polymerase chain reaction conditions for the bacterial identification. Genomic DNA (130 ng) was sequenced on a R9.4 flow cell by Oxford Nanopore Technologies using a GridION sequencer. Library preparations were initiated using a Native Barcoding Kit 24 V14 (SQK-NBD114.24). Primary data were acquired using MinKNOW version 22.05.7. A total of 13 bacterial families and 89 genera were identified in the pigeon pea sample soaked for 12 h; 26 families and 90 genera were identified in the pigeon pea sample soaked for 24 h. Among the bacterial families identified, the five predominant families in both samples were Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae, Yersiniaceae, Pectobacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae. According to the relative abundance of the identified bacterial genera, the following nine genera were predominant in both samples: Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Pantoea, Kosakonia, Pseudoenterobacter, Pluralibacter, Leclercia, and Kluyvera. At a genus level, a slight increase in the abundance of Klebsiella, Kosakonia, and Pluralibacter and a slight decrease in the abundance of Citrobacter were observed after prolonged incubation from 12 h to 24 h. The values of five diversity indices revealed that the sample soaked in water for 24 h had a richer bacterial abundance and diversity than the 12 h sample. Shannon and Simpson values revealed a higher bacterial diversity in the sample collected at 24 h than the sample collected at 12 h. Species observations and abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) values demonstrated that the sample collected at 24 h harbored a higher bacterial richness than the sample collected at 12 h. These findings indicated that the bacterial diversity in the pigeon pea samples increased with the soaking time. The bacterial communities during the soaking of the pigeon pea samples were dominated by the Enterobacteriaceae family and Enterobacter genus. The presence of bacterial genera such as Lacticaseibacillus, Lentilactobacillus, and Secundilactobacillus was notable because of their importance as starter cultures for fermented plant-based milk products, including pigeon pea beverages for lactose-intolerant individuals or individuals with malnutrition.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0419.v1

Enhancing Tree Health through Improved Microbial Biodiversity in Soil

Vinesh Prasad, Daniel Cole

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: soil health; mirobilogy; diversity; tree health

Online: 8 October 2023 (04:33:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1064.v1

Culture, Gender, and Business

EMMANUEL ADEYEMI

Subject: Arts And Humanities, History Keywords: culture; gender; business; organization; religion; diversity

Online: 18 September 2023 (05:30:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0692.v1

Functional and Species Diversity across Disturbance Levels and Environmental Variables in Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve, Southwest Ethiopia

Ferede Abuye Jeldu, Motuma Tolera Feyisa, Teshale Woldeamanuel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: biosphere reserve; disturbance; functional diversity; zonation

Online: 11 July 2023 (10:55:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1425.v1

Anaemia in Preschool-Aged Children in DR. Congo: Finding from a Nationally Representative Survey

Ngianga II (Shadrack) Kandala

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Haemoglobin; Anaemia; Dietary, Diversity; Random-effect

Online: 19 May 2023 (10:06:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1234.v1

Butterflies of the Neotropical Seasonally Dry Forest of Montes de María (Sucre, Colombia): What do they Tell us about the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis?

Yarlenis L Mercado-Gómez, Jorge D Mercado-Gómez, Carlos E Giraldo-Sánchez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: structure; diversity; anthropic disturbance; conservation; Lepidoptera

Online: 17 May 2023 (10:38:26 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0879.v1

Glucosinolate Diversity Analysis in Choy sum (Brassica rapa subsp chinensis var parachinensis) Germplasms for Functional Foods Breeding

Seong-Hoon Kim, Parthiban Subramanian, Bum-Soo Hahn

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: glucosinolate; germplasm; breeding; anticancer; genebank; diversity

Online: 12 May 2023 (04:27:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0206.v1

Testing White’s Floristic Impoverishment Hypothesis in the Forest-Savanna Transition Zones of Africa

Mathew Rees, John L. Godlee, David J. Harris, Casey M. Ryan, Kyle G. Dexter

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: Africa; forest; savanna; phylogenetic; diversity; transition

Online: 4 May 2023 (06:04:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0056.v2

Women’s Participation in Leadership Roles in a Single Canadian Paramedic Service

Justin Mausz, Sarah Salvis, Dominique Arseneau-Bruneau, Elizabeth Donnelly

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: Emergency Medical Services; paramedics; gender; diversity

Online: 15 February 2023 (04:34:52 CET)

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Introduction: Like other public safety professions, paramedicine has historically been a male-dominated occupation, both in the demography of its workforce and in its organizational culture. Although women are increasingly choosing paramedicine as a career, participation in leadership roles remains limited. Drawing on data from a recent comprehensive mental health survey, we describe the proportion of women in leadership in a single, large, urban paramedic service in Ontario, Canada. Methods: We distributed an in-person, paper-based survey during the fall 2019 - winter 2020 Continuing Medical Education (CME) sessions. Participating paramedics completed a demographic questionnaire alongside a battery of mental health screening tools. We assessed the demography of the workforce and explored differences in employment classification, provider level (e.g., primary vs. advanced care), and participation in formal leadership roles along self-reported gender lines. Results: Out of 607 paramedics attending CME, we received 600 completed surveys, with 11 excluded for missing data, leaving 589 for analysis and a 97% response rate. Women comprised 40% of the active-duty paramedic workforce, with an average of 8 years of experience. Compared to men, women were more than twice as likely to have a university degree (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.02), but almost half as likely to practice at the Advanced Care Paramedic level (OR 0.61), and somewhat less likely to be employed full-time (OR 0.77). Women were nearly 70% less likely to hold a leadership role in the service compared to men (OR 0.36), occupying just 20% of leadership positions. Conclusion: Although paramedicine is witnessing an encouraging shift in the demography of its workforce with greater participation from women, there is still work to be done, particularly in leadership. Future research should focus on identifying and ameliorating barriers to career advancement among women and other historically underrepresented people.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0283.v1

The Functional Biogeography of eDNA Metacommunities in the Post-fire Landscape of the Angeles National Forest

Savanah Senn, Sharmodeep Bhattacharyya, Gerald Presley, Anne E. Taylor, Jillian Ford, Brandon Jasinski, Yekaterina Badalova

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: molecular ecology; functional diversity; DNA sequencing

Online: 28 April 2022 (10:31:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0414.v1

Genotypic and Epidemiologic Profiles of Giardia duodenalis in Four Brazilian Biogeographic Regions

Deiviane Calegar, Beatriz Nunes, Kerla Monteiro, Polyanna Bacelar, Brenda Evangelista, Mayron Moraes, Jurecir Silva, Jéssica Santos, Márcio Bóia, Lauren Jaeger, Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: Giardia duodenalis; Assemblages; Epidemiology; Genetic diversity

Online: 27 January 2022 (11:18:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0560.v1

Microbial Diversity Based on Multifractal Analysis of Metagenomes

Xianhua Xie, Yuanlin Ma, Zuguo Yu, Guosheng Han

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: diversity index; multifractal; metagenome; gut mtagenome

Online: 26 July 2021 (10:04:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0349.v1

Genetic Diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) Colonizing Sweet Potato and Cassava in South Sudan

Beatrice Clarence Misaka, Everlyne N. Wosula, Philip W. Marchelo-d'Ragga, Trine Hvoslef-Eide, James Peter Legg

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: Bemisia tabaci; genetic diversity; distribution; haplotype

Online: 28 November 2019 (03:24:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0249.v1

The Yeast Atlas of Appalachia: Species and Phenotypic Diversity of Herbicide Resistance in Wild Yeast

Jordan B. Barney, Matthew J. Winans, Catherine B. Blackwood, Amaruy Pupo, Jennifer E. G. Gallagher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Fungal diversity; Saccharomyces; genetic diversity; glyphosate-based herbicides; copper-based fungicides; RoundUp Ready™ corn; phylogenetics

Online: 17 February 2020 (15:37:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0276.v1

Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Novel 68Ga-labeled (R)-Pyrrolidin-2-yl-boronic acid-based PET Tracers for Fibroblast Activation Protein-targeted Cancer Imaging

Shreya Bendre, Hsiou-Ting Kuo, Helen Merkens, Zhengxing Zhang, Antonio A. W. L. Wong, François Bénard, Kuo-Shyan Lin

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: fibroblast activation protein α (FAP-α); cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs); FAP inhibitors (FAPIs); PET imaging; gallium-68; (R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl-boronic acid-based radiopharmaceuticals

Online: 5 May 2023 (02:40:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1106.v1

α‐Catenin and Piezo Mediate Cell Mechanical Communication through Cell Adhesions

Qingyu Zhang, Bing Bu, Yiming Zhu, Jingjing Li, Mingzhi Luo, Linhong Deng, Mingxing Ouyang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: cell mechanical communication; α-Catenin, Piezo; directional migration; focal adhesion; mechanotransduction

Online: 17 April 2024 (11:24:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0507.v1

Effect of alpha-linolenic acid on human oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis and apoptotic cell death

Ching-Chyuan Su, Cheng-Chia Yu, Yi-Wen Shih, Kai-Li Liu, Haw-Wen Chen, Chih-Chung Wu, Ya-Chen Yang, En-Ling Yeh, Chien-Chun Li

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: α-linolenic acid; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; metastasis; apoptosis; oral cancer; OSCC

Online: 9 October 2023 (14:46:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0566.v1

The Plagiochilins From Liverworts Plagiochila: Binding to α-Tubulin and Drug Design Perspectives

Christian Bailly, Gérard VERGOTEN

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: anticancer agents; microtubules; molecular docking; Plagiochila species; plagiochilin A; α-tubulin.

Online: 19 April 2023 (07:59:13 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0354.v1

Phenolic Constituents with Antioxidant and α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activities from Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) Fall Leaves

Liangliang Yao, Suyou Zhu, Chuying Chen, Youxin Yang, Wenwen Peng, Chunpeng Wan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Acer saccharum; sugar maple; phenolics; chebulate derivatives; antioxidant; α-glucosidase inhibitory

Online: 28 November 2019 (05:30:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0223.v1

Effects of Synergistic Inhibition on α-Glucosidase by Phytoalexins in Soybeans

Hyeong-U Son, Eun-Kyeong Yoon, Chi-Yeol Yoo, Chul-Hong Park, Myung-Ae Bae, Tae-Ho Kim, Chang Hyung Lee, Ki-Won Lee, Hogyun Seo, Kyung-Jin Kim, Sang-Han Lee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: α-glucosidase; glyceollin; genistein; luteolin; daidzein; phytoalexins; enzyme kinetics; combination index

Online: 19 October 2019 (02:20:45 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0313.v1

Structural Flexibility of Peripheral Loops and Extended C-Term Domain of Short Length Substrate Binding Protein from Rhodothermus marinus

Ji-Eun Bae, In Jung Kim, Yongbin Xu, Ki Hyun Nam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: substrate-binding protein; sbp; abc transport; α/β-domain; rhodothermus arinus

Online: 27 September 2019 (12:16:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0024.v3

Nikfar Domination Versus Others: Restriction, Extension Theorems and Monstrous Examples

Mohammadesmail Nikfar

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: fuzzy graph, fuzzy bridge, α-strong edge, nikfar domination, dynamic networks.

Online: 14 May 2019 (09:50:12 CEST)

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The aim of this expository article is to present recent developments in the centuries-old discussion on the interrelations between several types of domination in graphs. However, the novelty even more prominent in the newly discovered simplified presentations of several older results. Domination can be seen as arising from real-world application and extracting classical results as first described by this article.The main part of this article, concerning a new domination and older one, is presented in a narrative that answers two classical questions: (i) To what extend must closing set be dominating? (ii) How strong is the assumption of domination of a closing set? In a addition, we give an overview of the results concerning domination. The problem asks how small can a subset of vertices be and contain no edges or, more generally how can small a subset of vertices be and contain other ones. Our work was as elegant as it was unexpected being a departure from the tried and true methods of this theory that had dominated the field for one fifth a century. This expository article covers all previous definitions. The inability of previous definitions in solving even one case of real-world problems due to the lack of simultaneous attentions to the worthy both of vertices and edges causing us to make the new one. The concept of domination in a variety of graphs models such as crisp, weighted and fuzzy, has been in a spotlight. We turn our attention to sets of vertices in a fuzzy graph that are so close to all vertices, in a variety of ways, and study minimum such sets and their cardinality. A natural way to introduce and motivate our subject is to view it as a real-world problem. In its most elementary form, we consider the problem of reducing waste of time in transport planning. Our goal here is to first describe the previous definitions and the results, and then to provide an overview of the flows ideas in their articles. The final outcome of this article is twofold: (i) Solving the problem of reducing waste of time in transport planning at static state; (ii) Solving and having a gentle discussions on problem of reducing waste of time in transport planning at dynamic state. Finally, we discuss the results concerning holding domination that are independent of fuzzy graphs. We close with a list of currently open problems related to this subject. Most of our exposition assumes only familiarity with basic linear algebra, polynomials, fuzzy graph theory and graph theory.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0060.v1

Glycemic Regulation and Cytotoxic Characteristics of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Passiflora cincinnata Mast Leaves

Charles dos Santos Estrevam, Clésio Andrade Lima, Jymmys Lopes dos Santos, Murilo Marchioro, Brancilene Santos Araujo, Cristiane Bani Corrêa, Camila M.C Santos, Iara Samir Santana, Silvan Silva Araújo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Passiflora cincinnata Mast; redox activity; cell cytotoxicity; α-amylase inhibition; antihyperglycaemic

Online: 17 August 2017 (10:29:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0239.v1

Synthesis and Characterization of Dibutyltin Compounds with α-Amino Acids

Roberto Santos Barbiéri, Vilma Reis Terra, Allan Kardec Carlos Dias, Walclée De Carvalho Melo, Daniel Rodrigues Silva

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: organotin compounds; dibutyltin compounds; tin α-amino acids compounds; thermal decomposition

Online: 31 August 2016 (10:43:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1032.v1

Agronomic and Economic Evaluation of Tree Species in Agroforestry Systems with Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Amazonas

Nixon Huaman Haro, Jerry Bryan Lopezhaya Mendoza, Angel James Medina Medina, Jhon Antony Zabaleta Santisteban, Daniel Tineo Flores, Lily Juarez-Contreras, Malluri Goñas, Manuel Oliva-Cruz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: Peru; cocoa; diversity; agroforestry systems; economic analysis

Online: 18 March 2024 (16:12:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1144.v1

Linking Wetland Ecosystem Services to Fish Genetic Resources with Special Reference to Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha): A Novel Study from Northeastern Bangladesh

Atiqur Rahman Sunny, Md. Arifur Rahman, Md. Nazmul Hasan, Jeba Faizah Rahman, Sharif Ahmed Sazzad, Md. Faruque Miah, Md. Ashrafuzzaman, Shamsul Haque Prodhan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Wetland; Ecosystem services; Genetic diversity; Hilsa; Bangladesh

Online: 20 February 2024 (12:44:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0127.v1

The Family Fabaceae in northeastern Mexico (Subfamily Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae Clade, Tribes Mimoseae, Acacieae, and Ingeae)

Eduardo Estrada-Castillón, José Ángel Villarreal-Quintanilla, Gerardo Cuéllar-Rodríguez, Juan Antonio Encina-Domínguez, José Guadalupe Martínez-Ávalos, Arturo Mora-Olivo, Jaime Sánchez-Salas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Leguminosae; Clade Mimosoideae; taxonomy; diversity; northeastern Mexico

Online: 3 January 2024 (03:54:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0029.v1

Genomics of Re-emergent Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic Salmon Outbreaks

Marcos Godoy, Marco Montes de Oca, Rudy Suarez, Alexis Martinez, Juan Pablo Pontigo, Diego Caro, Karina Kusch, Harry Bohle, Molly Kibenge, Frederick Kibenge, Sion Bayliss

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: furunculosis; Aeromonas salmonicida; Salmo salar; genomic diversity

Online: 1 December 2023 (05:31:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1261.v1

Fungal Diversity and Distribution in the Biodiversity Hotspots of the Western Himalayas

Neelesh Yadav, Shrey Rakholia, Naseem Ali, Reuven Yosef

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Fungi; Diversity; Western Himalayan region; PCA; ANOVA

Online: 19 September 2023 (08:28:18 CEST)

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