Adeleye, B.N.; Azam, M.; Bekun, F.V. Infant Mortality Rate and Nonrenewable Energy Consumption in Asia and the Pacific: The Mediating Role of Carbon Emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2023, 16, 1333–1344, doi:10.1007/s11869-023-01347-8.
Adeleye, B.N.; Azam, M.; Bekun, F.V. Infant Mortality Rate and Nonrenewable Energy Consumption in Asia and the Pacific: The Mediating Role of Carbon Emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2023, 16, 1333–1344, doi:10.1007/s11869-023-01347-8.
Adeleye, B.N.; Azam, M.; Bekun, F.V. Infant Mortality Rate and Nonrenewable Energy Consumption in Asia and the Pacific: The Mediating Role of Carbon Emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2023, 16, 1333–1344, doi:10.1007/s11869-023-01347-8.
Adeleye, B.N.; Azam, M.; Bekun, F.V. Infant Mortality Rate and Nonrenewable Energy Consumption in Asia and the Pacific: The Mediating Role of Carbon Emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2023, 16, 1333–1344, doi:10.1007/s11869-023-01347-8.
Abstract
This study aligns with the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals- 3 which aim to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”. It contributes to the nascent literature stream on energy-health dynamics by introducing a holistic theoretical model to empirically examine the mediation effect of carbon emissions on the relationship between nonrenewable energy and infant mortality rates. Using an unbalanced panel data on 42 Asia and the Pacific countries from 2005 to 2015 and deploying the structural equation modeling approach, the empirical results are surmised as follows: (i) in regard to the full sample of countries, nonrenewable energy indirectly increases infant mortality rates through increasing carbon emissions. In other words, carbon emissions play a partial mediation role between nonrenewable energy and infant mortality rates; and (ii) for the different income groups, carbon emissions show varying mediation effects. For example, the mediation effects of carbon emissions in lower-middle and upper-middle income countries are found to be similar to those of the full sample of countries. Therefore, based on these findings, we conclude that nonrenewable energy is an essential determinant of infant mortality rates. Policy recommendations are put forward.
Keywords
Carbon emissions; infant mortality rate; per capita income; nonrenewable energy; Asia and the Pacific region
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
