RESILIENCE OF NURSES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC THE 21 ST CENTURY GLOBAL NURSING PARADIGM : A LITERATUR REVIEW

Resilience is an adaptive coping mechanism needed by health workers, especially nurses who have longer working hours than other health workers to provide care to patients in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic which is a global health problem. The aim of this literature review is to identify the resilience of nurses during the covid19 pandemic the 21 st century global nursing paradigm. This language method uses literature reviews which are summaries of 10 articles in the publication years of 2020-2021 on search 4 databased electronic searches contain namely Scopus, ProQuest, Pubmed, and Scient Direct. This review used prisms. The eligibility of these studies were from its title, abstract, research methodology, results and discussion. The results of the review were presented in narrative form. The results of a review of 10 articles found that the form of psychological factors during the covid-19 pandemic, mental distress and influencing factors in nurses caring for patients with COVID-19, resilience nurses during the covid-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The 21 st century global nursing paradigm, one of the global problems in the health sector, with the outbreak of the corona virus disease (Covid-19), the role of nurses as the front guard is needed by the community to provide health services in line with the increasing incidence of covid-19 cases. Strong nurses need an adaptive inner coping mechanism. Key word: Resilience, Nurses, Covid-19 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 5 April 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0139.v1 © 2021 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license.


INTRODUCTION Background
Covid-19 ( Corona Virus Disease) is an epidemic of a deadly disease whose spread is very fast and has become a world health crisis (1). The world health crisis caused by a new type of corona virus named SARS-Cov 2, which spreads very rapidly with the risk of being infectious and deadly (2). The increased risk of transmission and death has not found effective treatment (3).
The number of covid-19 incidents in the world according to WHO is 110 million cases, as many as 84 million have recovered and 26 million have died (4).
The government regulates all lines, especially health lines in treatment and prevention efforts (5). Vaccination is one of the preventive efforts for health workers and the community in the future and the community's lack of compliance in preventing efforts to use 3M (washing hands, maintaining distance, wearing masks) so that the incidence of Covid-19 is still high (6).
The high incidence of covid-19 in almost all countries in the world has established emergency hospitals as treatment facilities (7). Global and national health care systems can have an impact on health workers who care for one of them nurses (8). The intensity of nurse working hours is longer with patients than other health professions, this has an impact on nurses being able to experience higher psychological pressure (9).
can result in psychological distress both in the short and long term (9).
Stress conditions in every human being are a mental health problem that cannot be avoided (10). Nurses are human beings who are part of the vanguard, the role of psychological resources is needed, support from colleagues and the government, individual resilience that can be used to reduce adverse effects while caring for Covid-19 patients, namely the ability to survive and adapt firmly in difficult situations (6 ). Research on nurse resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic has not been carried out much research, therefore it is necessary to summarize the literature aimed at identifying the resilience of nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Aim of the study
Describe resilience to nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic as the front line

Research question
Are the results of the review related to nurse resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic as the front line? Literature review which is a comprehensive summary of several studies, research that is determined based on a specific theme. The search for literature was carried out in February-March 2021. The data used in the study were secondary data obtained, not from direct observation but obtained from the results of research that had been conducted by previous researchers. The secondary data source obtained is in the form of reputable journal articles both nationally and internationally within the last 3 years with a predetermined theme. The rivew literature search in this case used five databases with high and medium quality criteria, namely Scopus, ProQuest, Pubmed, and Scient Direct.

METHODS
Searching for articles or journals uses keywords and boolean operators (AND OR NOR or AND NOT) which are used to expand or specify a search, making it easier to determine which articles or journals are used. Key words in the review literature are adjusted accordingly Medical Subject Heading ( MeSH) and consists of the following:      pandemic. Methods this was a cross-sectional web survey of physcians, advanced practice providers, residents / fellows and nurses, conducted during a peak of inpatient admissions for covid-19 in (9-24 April 2020) at a large medical center in (n = 657). the results positive screens for psychological symptoms were common 57% for acute stress, 48% for depressive, and 33% for anxiety symptoms. For each a higher percent of nurses or advanced practice providers screened positive and attending physicians through housekeeping rates for acute stress and depression did not differ from either. Sixty one percent or participants reported increased sense of meaning or purpose since the covid-19 outbreak.

Reviews
Physical activity was the most common coping behavior (59%), and access to an individual therapist with online self guided counseling (33%) garnered the most interest (2). We performed a correlational analysis, regressions and a meditation analysis.
The result show that nurses and physicians experienced hinger levels of emergency stress than emergency wokers. Direct contact with covid-19 patients, female sex, unexpected events and lack of personal protective equipment were risk factors for emergency stress, while research and coping strategies played a protective role. Meditation analysis shows that coping strategies and hardliness are protective factors and reduce the effect of stress on secondary trauma (16).
The impact of psychological problems faced by nurses during an emergency response can have a negative impact on safety and performance efficiency (17). The negative psychological impact of nurses can be anticipated with the tough resilience in the nurse (20). Resilience is the ability to adapt by remaining mentally or emotionally strong in overcoming crisis situations to return to pre-crisis status where resilience is built from within, namely optimism, selfefficacy, self-control (15).
Some nurses pay attention to safety during emergency responses such as personal health in dealing with direct contact with Covid-19 patients, therefore it is recommended that the right action is with stress reduction strategies (21). Stress