DISTRIBUTION OF INSECT IN PROTECTED FOREST AREA IN AMBON CITY

Insects are the dominant group of organisms and act as indicators of biodiversity, ecosystem health, and landscape degradation. The research objective was to determine the spread of insects in the Mount Nona Ambon Protected Forest. The research was conduct in January March 2020 using Pitfall traps, light traps, Sweep nets, Bait traps, namely detergent, sugar solution and tuna fish. The research was carried out in 2 ha as many as five lanes with a systematic inventory sampling method where the length of the line was 100 meters, 20 m wide and 20 m spacing between lanes. The analysis use descriptively quantitative by calculating the Diversity Index (H ') of Shannon Winner, Abundance Index (K), Dominance Index (C) and Evenness Index. The results of the study found 4063 individuals, 13 species in five orders. The Hymenoptera order dominated the spread of insects in the protected forest of Mount Nona, the Formicidae family with the smallest number of 12 individuals, namely Isodontia auripes from the order Hymenoptera family Sphecidae, and the largest number of them was Anoplolepis gracilipes with 401 individuals from the order Hymenoptera family Formicidae. The difference in insects' spread in the observation path is thought to be caused by differences in microclimate, altitude, vegetation cover, insect movement, light intensity and food availability.


INTRODUCTION
Insects play an essential role in the forest ecosystem as pollinators, pollinators, natural enemies of insect pests, decomposers, decomposers, animal protein foodstuffs, traded, fishing bait, honey bees and food sources [1]. The number of insects in Indonesia is approximately 250,000 species, or about 14% of all biota in Indonesia [2] Insects have the largest number of species, namely as much as ¾ per cent of all animal species on earth. [3]. Insects are Arthropods whose bodies into the head, chest and abdomen; the head has one pair of antennae, and the chest with three pairs of legs usually has one or two pairs of wings on the adult level. [4]. Insects can survive in various habitats, have a high reproductive capacity, the ability to eat different types of food, and save themselves from their enemies. The spread of insects in the forest depends on environmental factors, where each type has suitability to a particular environment. Several factors influence the spread of insects, namely the ability to spread, habitat selection, air temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light intensity, rainfall, vegetation, and food availability. [5].
Introduction to Insect Lessons [7], Acarology, Mites and Human Welfare (Woolley, 1988) and The Pests of Crops In Indonesia. [3] The materials used are 70% alcohol, water, detergent, sugar solution and tuna fish

Research Procedure
The research does on 2 ha in 5 lanes with a systematic inventory sampling method with a length of 100 meters, the width of 20 m and distance between lines of 20 m.
Harvesting insects using three methods of capture. During the daytime, pitfall traps are installed at a distance of 10 m in the lane, bait traps with tuna bait, and sugar solution installed at every 10 m distance. Pitfall traps to catch insects that live above ground for 24 hours.
Sweep net (insect net) use to catch flying insects from 08.00 -18.00 WIT. They were catching nocturnal insects using light traps at 18.00 -22.00 WIT, in the form of an emergency lamp as a light source hanging from a tree with a height of 1 meter from the ground. The insects found were identified up to the species level, while the unknown insects will be identified according to the key of insect determination.

Data Processing
The analysis used in the research is the descriptive quantitative manner by calculating the Diversity Index (H ') of Shanon-Wiener , the Abundance Index (K), the Dominance Index (C) and the Evenness Index according to Odum 1983 in Kurniawan et al., 2018.

Species diversity
The value of species diversity using the Shannon-Wiener (H ') diversity index [8]

Distribution of Insects in Protected Forests
The study results found 4063 individuals, 13 species in five different orders, and Table 1 below.       Besides, A. gracilipes is also often found in symbiosis with fleas which can provide honeydew as a carbohydrate source.
Carbohydrate supply may play an essential role in the successful invasion of A. gracilipes [11].  Worker ants have stingers, strong jaws, and glands that produce formic acid, which serves as a means of defence against enemies and to protect themselves. [12]. At the time of the study, 120 individuals were found among the leaves of Acacia (Acacia mangium), 25 on the trunk of the Tusam tree (Pinus merkusii Jung Et De Vriese) and the rest on the leaves and fruit of the Cocoa / Chocolate tree (Theobroma cacao). This type likes the sugar solution installed because it is a source of carbohydrates that will be stored in the form of fat to spur growth. This species likes the small insects in some orchids (Dendrobium sp) and sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) found in protected forests.

Species Diversity, Evenness and Richness
The value of species diversity, evenness, species richness and dominance of insect species in the location available in Table 7. The index of insect species diversity in protected forests is low so that it is an indication that the productivity and