The Quantum Mechanism of AGNs’ Jets

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are throwing in the interstellar space huge jets of energy in the form of elementary particles. The calculation of the energy density of space in the centre of the black hole with the mass of the Sun shows that in the space-time singularity of such a black hole energy density of space there is so low that atoms become unstable and fall apart into elementary particles. In this sense, AGN is a rejuvenating system of the universe. It transforms its own old matter into fresh energy in the form of jets.


Introduction
Several pieces of research suggest that superfluid quantum vacuum also named superfluid quantum space is the physical origin of the universal space [1,2,3,4]. The idea of space-time as the fundamental arena of the universe is replaced by the idea that universal space is a type of energy that has superfluid properties. One of these superfluid properties is that every physical object is diminishing the Planck energy density ρEP of the superfluid quantum vacuum which is the origin of the universal space in its centre exactly for the amount of its mass m and energy E: where ρmin is the energy density of the universal space in the centre of the physical object and V is the volume of the object [3]. The "no hair theorem" states that a black hole can be defined by three parameters: mass, electric charge, angular momentum [5]. Considering the variable energy density of universal space, I introduce a new parameter, the "minimal energy density of space in the centre of a black hole". By Eq. (1), we get: where is the energy density of space in the centre of a black hole, m is the mass of the black hole and V is its volume.

Calculation of the "Schwarzschild energy density"
"Schwarzschild energy density" one can calculate using Eq. (2): where ʘ is the mass of the Sun, and its correspondent Schwarzschild radius r Sch. is 3 • 10 3 . of attitude of mind" [6]. I suggest that space-time singularity in the centre of black hole indicate that in the centre of a black hole exist critical physical circumstances that I previously defined as "the energy density of space is below the Schwarzschild energy density . ℎ. ".
According to Newton's Shell theorem in space-time singularity, gravity force does not tend to the infinite value; it tends to zero. Going inside the black hole at the distance from the surface towards the centre gravity force on a given object with mass is diminishing regarding the gravity force on the surface according to the Eq. (3): where is the mass of a given object, 1 is the mass of the black hole shell with the radius 1 , and is gravitational constant. When 1 is tending to the zero, 1 is also tending to the zero, and gravity force 1 is also tending to the zero: When is zero, Eq. (5) is equal to the Eq. (2), when tents towards the infinite, energy density tends towards Planck energy density . We will use this formula to calculate the energy density of space in the centre of different stellar objects, considering that these objects are nonrotating. In Table 1 there is the comparation of the energy densities of space in the centre of the black hole with the mass of the Sun, in the centre of the proton, in the centre of the Moon, Earth, and Sun: In the centre of a proton, the minimal energy density of space is for the order of 10 2 too high for the proton to become a mini black hole as proposed by Hawking [8]. Voyager did not discover mini black holes in interstellar space [9]. The energy density of space in the proton centre is lower than in the centre of Sun, Earth and Moon because these stellar objects are made out of atoms where there is a vast empty space between the nucleus and electrons orbits.
Proton's mass is very small compared with the mass of the Sun, but it diminishes the energy density of an extremely small area of space compared with that of Sun, that diminishes the energy density of an extremely big area of universal space; that's why the gravity force of the Sun has such a long-range.
We will compare the energy density of space of a stationary black hole with the mass of the Sun and energy density of space of the Sun at given distances from the centre ( Table 2).  Distance from the centre Distance from the centre Going from the centre of the black hole, the energy density of the space is increasing at a much higher rate than going away from the centre of the Sun. At the distance of 0.01 AU from the centre of both stellar objects, the energy density of space is at the same rate of −2 • 10 14 Jm −3 comparing the Planck energy density and is increasing by the same values with the increase of the distance.

The quantum mechanism of AGNs' jets
In the centre of black holes, atoms are transforming back into elementary particles. This creates enormous pressure and if gravity pressure of the black hole is not big enough, such a black hole explodes in a supernova [10]. When the black hole gravity pressure is strong enough, as it is the case for example with the black hole in the quasar SMSSJ215728.21-360215.1 which has about (3.4 ± 0.6) · 10 10 M⊙ [11], the transformation of matter into elementary particles creates the explosion that opens the hole in the direction of the rotational axis ( Figure 2).  Centres of AGN's where energy density of space is lower than Sch. energy density are a kind of quantum mechanisms where the matter falls apart into elementary particles and forms jests.
We give in this article a solution to the mystery of jets production following Einstein's idea that matter can be transformed into energy and vice versa: "Relativistic magnetized jets from active galaxies are among the most powerful cosmic accelerators, but their particle acceleration mechanisms remain a mystery" [12]. These jets are building material for new stars formation; black holes are then rejuvenating systems of the universe: "old" matter is transformed into "fresh" energy in the form of AGNs jets.

Conclusions
The law of energy conservation requires that AGN's jets must have some physical sources. It is shown in this article that these jets are originated in the process of matter falling apart in the centres of AGNs, where there are space-time singularities and energy density of space is below the Schwarzschild energy density.