Management of Downstream Oil Palm Development in Technopolitan Area, Pelalawan Regency Indonesia

: This study determines the management of downstream oil palm development in the technopolitan areas of Pelalawan Regency. The study object was analyzed qualitatively in stages, including the development, potential, and management of downstream oil palm. The results show that the downstream oil palm facilitates the development of various ideas, innovations, and knowledge from the use of products with high selling value. This supports the government, academia, business, and society in implementing Good Agricultural Practice (GAP). The downstream oil palm development in Pelalawan Regency is managed in an integrated, competitive, and sustainable manner. This allows all stakeholders and society (independent smallholders) to receive economic, social, and environmental benefits.


Introduction
Oil palm plantations are growing rapidly in most of Indonesia's provinces, occupying more than 11 million Ha. This huge plantation potential opens development opportunities in various sectors (Utomo, B.N., Widjaja, E., 2020). Various studies have been conducted on the development of sustainable oil palm plantations in Indonesia and related aspects. Specifically, most of these studies examined the extent of oil palm plantations development (Liu et al., 2020). Indonesia has 14 million hectares (ha) of oil palm and recorded exports of about USD 23 and 21 billion in 2017 and 2018, respectively (Purnomo, H et al., 2020).
Pelalawan Regency has a high potential for developing processed palm oil products, with 393,327 hectares of plantations. This includes 119,616 and 273,711 hectares of independent smallholders and private oil palm plantations, respectively (BPPT Pelalawan Regency, 2019). There are two types of oil palm plantations management. The first type is the plasma plantations, which involves cultivation and industrial plantation businesses by independent smallholders. The cultivation is conducted by individuals on freehold land or land use rights and plantation companies. Moreover, it is conducted on the land of Businesses use rights, ranging from seeding, planting, processing to marketing.
The second type of management is the plasma nucleus scheme, which is a partnership relationship between a group and a company. The partner company acts as the nucleus, while the group is the plasma. Oil palm development is the main economic activity in Pelalawan Regency. With an average economic growth rate of 4.52%, it is significant for palm oil supply in Indonesia and the world. Oil palm management activities highly contribute to community income (Syahza, 2019). Due to the potential for economic improvement through oil palm management, the Pelalawan district government and BPPT developed a technopolitan area. This area brings together the government, academia, business, and the community for economic growth based on science, technology, and innovation.
The smallholder oil palm plantations covers around 31% of the total plantation area, with 40,315 independent farmer households. Most of these smallholders are not tied to large companies and have the potential to be developed to boost the regional economy. The development is based on the problems faced by independent smallholders in managing oil palm plantations without the basic Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), reducing farmer productivity (Ahmad, A.R., Nasir A.S.M, 2020). Furthermore, the Pelalawan district government is concerned with palm oil sales price margins. Studies have been conducted on the development of sustainable oil palm plantations in Indonesia, including Liu  A technopolitan area has been set up as the downstream oil palm product development for economic improvement. The area is meant to be the Palm Oil Valley or integrated downstream oil palm development center. Several palm oil downstream products are used as the main sales icon, including Biofuels, Industrial Vegetables Oil (IVO) development, and tenant products, such as Praudi Express (palm oil stick machine), and JJE Cleaner (multipurpose cleaning fluid) (BPPT Pelalawan, 2019).
This study explains the management of regional downstream development. The study object is the downstream management of oil palm in the Pelalawan Regency. Sustainable industrial growth is enhanced by implementing key strategies, covering the entire process chain from upstream to downstream (Kushairi, A. et al., 2018). The management of downstream oil palm is based on its development and potential utilization in technopolitan areas. There is need for commitment and collaboration between the government, academics, business actors, and the community for an integrated, competitive, and sustainable development of downstream oil palm.

Research Framework
Regional development is conducted based on the principles and spirit of the community using its potential to improve people's welfare (Rusli, 2017). There is need for proper planning to direct the development of an area towards goal achievement (Murtiningrum, Oktoyoki 2019).
Regional development utilizes and combines existing internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and challenges) factors as potentials and opportunities to improve the production of goods and services. This is aimed to meet internal and external needs in the region, which include natural, human, and technological resources, and opportunities and threats, respectively. (Rusli, 2017).
Hagget, Cliff, and Frey in Rustiadi et al. (2018), regarding regional typology, classified the concept of a region into 3 categories, including uniform or homogenous, nodal, and planning or programming. Similarly, Glason in Putra (2018) classified regions into 3 categories based on the economic progress phase. The first phase includes the formal areas concerning uniformity or homogeneity. A formal area is geographically uniform based on certain criteria, such as economic, social, and political physical conditions. The second phase is the functional region concerning coherence and interdependence, which involves the mutual relations between the parts in the region. This phase is sometimes called a nodal or polarized region, consisting of heterogeneous units, such as rural-urban areas functionally related. The third phase is the planning area, which shows the coherence or unity of economic decisions. According to Zen in Walinaulik (2016), regional development is a harmonious relationship between natural resources, humans, and technology, based on the environment's capacity to empower society.
The A region is an area with a specific function, where its economic activities, sectors, and superior products have the potential to boost the economy of the surroundings (Murtiningrum, Oktoyoki 2019). Furthermore, Tarigan (2016) stated that the area forms clusters, such as agriculture. Planning is setting a goal and selecting the steps needed for its achievement. Therefore, implementing sustainable development is a wise choice suggested in area management (Rusli, 2017). This study qualitatively describes the management of downstream oil palm development based on regional, sustainable, and technopolitan area development in the Pelalawan Regency.

Materials and Methods
This research focuses on the management of downstream oil palm development in the technopolitan area of Pelalawan district. Qualitative analysis was conducted on the object of study in stages, including the development, analyzing the potential, and the governance of downstream oil palm in technopolitan areas. The information in this study was obtained from technopolitan area planning documents and other supporting sources. Data were collected through interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The implementing actors included the government, academics, business people, and the community. Data analysis involved 3 activities, including reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing (Miles and Huberman, 2014).

Downstream Oil Palm Development in Technopolitan Areas
Techno Park / Teknopolitan is an area with various activities for the development of technology and knowledge, empowerment and training. Moreover, there is an education in one area equipped with various facilities and infrastructure supporting economic growth, innovation, and technology. A technopolitan is developed to create sustainable synergy between universities (academics), industry players, government, and society. Also, technopolitan areas are used as centers for the growth and sector. Productive activities, as well as community movements that support the acceleration of innovation and learning, are elements of success in development. This is because the application of good technology must be supported by participation and good human resources.
A technopolitan is a special area built based on a commitment to have one or more centers of science and technology activities. These areas link higher education, research, and development institutions, as well as the industry as a vehicle for strengthening networks within an innovation system  The third factor is the development of oil palm as the main economic activity in the Pelalawan Regency.
The natural resources production (oil palm plantations) in Pelalawan Regency is high. This is evidenced by the percentage of oil palm production in Riau Province in 2013-2014, which is high by 7.84%, compared to Regencies and Cities, which tend to decline (Data from Disbun Riau Province 2015). The high production potential could be utilized for other products using large raw materials, such as biofuel made from palm oil. The Pelalawan Techno Park area is divided into 7 zones, including education, research, industry, residential, conservation, commercial and public. A Pelalawan Technopolitan High School (ST2P) has been built in an education zone covering 100 hectares. Figure 4 shows the zoning of technopolitan areas.  patterns of action and social relations. An example is a social unity, which is a concrete form of that institution. Also, collaborative arrangements support sustainable agricultural production systems (Futemma, 2020). Pelalawan Regency. An integrated, competitive, and sustainable approach serves as a guideline in every planning, implementation, and development of a technopolitan area. This aims to achieve the goals and benefits of technopolitan, including community empowerment through the downstream oil palm industry.

Conclusions
The management of downstream oil palm development in Pelalawan Regency is implemented in an integrated, competitive, and sustainable approach. The downstream oil palm in technopolitan areas facilitates the development of various ideas, innovations, and know-how from the academic, financial, and marketing capabilities in business. This is part of solving oil palm plantation management problems, which only focuses on economics. The development is expected to solve various challenges in developing the downstream industry that empowers independent farmers. Essentially, the development of the downstream industry is very strategic and competitive when conducted in an integrated and sustainable manner. Integrated means there are linkages between upstream and downstream sector businesses in a synergic and productive manner, as well as between regions, sectors, and commodities. Support from various parties involved and the active community role is a form of good development between government, business, society, and academia. The support is meant to realize Good Agriculture Practice and fulfill various ISPO principles in sustainable palm oil management.