An Investigation on the Electrical Activity of the Brain During Fara- darmani Connection in the Fara-therapist Population

Mind-body interaction and its manifestations at the brain level has been studied extensively in the field of consciousness research. Fara-darmani Consciousness Field, as claimed by Mohammad Ali Taheri (the founder), is a method of connecting with the Cosmic Consciousness Network through human mind and his brain has a detective role in this process. As a result of this connection, the scanning process of the state of a being, e.g., the health status of the cells and consequently organs is performed. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the Faradarmani Consciousness Field connection on electroencephalogram (EEG) features as an important biomarker of the brain functioning. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the gamma2 frequency band (35-40 Hz) power in the frontal lobe in medial frontal gyrus (BA6) and paracentral lobule (BA31) of the brain during the task condition compared to the rest condition in a Fara-therapist population. Considering the cortical electrical activity of Fara-therapist’s brain during Fara-darmani Consciousness Field connection, characterizing increase in the power of gamma wave and the activity of the areas affecting on memory, attention, perception and default mode network intrinsic activity. This manifestation distinguishes Fara-darmani Consciousness Field connection from other known methods dealing with the mind-body interaction criterion mainly different types of mediation.


Introduction
Consciousness and what it is, is unknown to the world of science [1]. Where consciousness is placed, its internal and external dimensions, how we experience it and so on are important issues which are generally unanswered or with different answers based on the field of study. The role of the brain in providing the necessary conditions for conscious experience is interesting and challenging scientific topics today and is a common point in many related experimental studies [2].
The distinction between task and rest states in the brain electrical activity measurements is the main step of consciousness related studies. Resting condition or basal state of the brain and its differences with the state of activity are described in several ways; Koch et al [12] in a brilliant review article described recent findings showing the anatomical neural correlates of consciousness are primarily localized to a posterior cortical hot zone that includes sensory areas rather than to a fronto-parietal network involved in task monitoring and reporting.
The default mode network (DMN) was originally described by Shulman et al. [13] and subsequently Raichle et al. (2001) [14], who observed that when a person is not focused on the outside world special brain regions experienced increased metabolic activity and decreased activity when engaged in a goal-directed (i.e., cognitively demanding) behavior. These regions also named default mode resting state network (DMRSN) constitute a set of brain areas: the ventral and dorsal medial prefrontal cortices (BA 24, 10m, 10r, 10p, 32a, 32c, 9), posterior cingulate/retrosplenial cortex (BA 29/30, 23/31), inferior parietal lobule (BA 39, 40), lateral temporal cortex (BA 21), and hippocampal formation [15]. Over the past two decades, it is founded that the default-mode network (DMN) has putative relationship to self-cognition [16] and mind wandering [17]. Moreover, it is founded that EEG gamma power over frontal and midline areas reflects default mode network (DMN) activity [18,19].
Mind and body relationship investigation by applying task monitoring using various methods of meditation is one of the main area of consciousness studies in healthy persons and deals with task manifestations at brain level. Kuar and Singh [20] conducted a review of research into the effects of different types of meditation on brain waves. In this review, Buddhist meditation, Transcending meditation (TM), Yoga Meditation and some other lesser known types have been investigated and it turned out a rise in delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands in frontal, occipital and parietal brain areas identify different meditation states. Moreover, Desai et al [21] did a comprehensive review of fifteen authoritative articles on the various methods of yoga and their effects on the brain waves of individuals. In this study, it has been found that a variety of yoga techniques have a significant effect on increasing the alpha, beta, and theta waves in the frontal cortex. Lomas et al [22] in a systematic review of 56 papers, consisting of 1358 healthy individuals reveal that Mindfulness was associated with enhanced alpha and theta power (because of state of relaxed alertness). Moreover, no consistent patterns were observed in terms of beta, delta, and gamma in this study. Various studies emphasize that long-term meditation can suppress and reduce default mode processing and its related gamma wave power [18,19,[23][24][25].
In addition to numerous studies on the various types of meditation with emphasize on the significant role of increasing alpha, delta, and theta waves and the reduction of gamma waves, few meditation practice found increase in high gamma wave (along with other meditation related waves and in regions without relation to brain default network) in the parietal and occipital regions in comparison with control, when meditators have a lot of experience (based on personal ability). Braboszcz et al [26] in three different meditation traditions (Vipassana, Himalayan Yoga and Isha Shoonya) showed higher parieto-occipital 60-110 Hz gamma (High gamma) amplitude in specific condition. Moreover, increased occipital gamma power related to long-term meditational expertise and enhanced sensory awareness studied [27] and some other previous related studies reviewed [28].
An innovative method in which each human mind (without any privileges in terms of experience or ability) is used as a medium to make a connection to special consciousness named whole or Cosmic Consciousness Network (CCN), is Fara-darmani Consciousness Field (CF) connection method. According to its founder, Mohammad Ali Taheri, Fara-darmani CF connection is completely different from meditation and other methods and techniques of working with mind in which experience has a special role in achievements and general position and the transcendence of consciousness is not considered.
In this approach, CCN is network of consciousness or the Internet of consciousness: the place that contains original and formative data and information of the universe and everything in it. Based on theoretical concepts of Fara-darmani, mankind through his mind is able to affect the overall health of himself and others in the world of matter and energy by connecting with the CCN [29]. The main principle of Taheri's approach is the "consciousness bond of the parts". Based on this concept each cell along with the molecules and their micro particles are made of vibrating fibers. Moreover, the factor that creates and directs these vibrations and movements is the consciousness that governs the universe [29,30]. For example, after the connection to CCN, the scan of existential components, for example in humans, the health status of the cells and organs is automatically checked. Based on Faradarmani concepts, mankind has a higher status than any other living things in the cosmic ecosystem and his brain acts as a detector in the mentioned connection and any other cognitive processes of human life [29]. Since this ability must be manifested at the level of brain activity in humans, in this study we examined the electrical activity of the brains of people who have the ability to connect independently to the network of cosmic consciousness which named, Fara-therapist.

Materials and Methods
This study is designed to test the effects of Fara-darmani CF on electroencephalography (EEG) features as an important biomarker of brain functioning. 36 healthy Fara-therapists (28 women and 8 men) in the age range of 20-50 years (M = 36.5, SD = 6.20) who have successfully completed the mentioned two-year training course, attended in the present study.

Fara-darmani Consciousness Field application
In order to apply the Fara-darmani CF, in the Fara-therapist population, each person can announce the Fara-darmani CF for himself. In other words, a Fara-therapist states the connection between the subject under study (in this project himself) and the CCN, here named the announcement. Announcement is a process in which Taheri or any certified announcer declared and sent the important information of the subject under study to the Cosmic Consciousness Network by just recalling his/her name, the agreed time, and the location of the subject. The subject under study can be a patient or any individual who is willing to experience the Cosmic Consciousness Network. In the present study, subject of study is the announcer himself ( Figure 1). Figure 1) according to Taheri is a trained and certified individual who took and completed specific training courses taught by Mohammad Ali Taheri or his certified masters. In these courses, which takes almost two years to complete under Taheri's supervision, the students learn theoretically and practically how to use the Consciousness Fields in Cosmic Consciousness Network.

Fara-therapist (as announcer in
Stablishing the connection to the CCN: a process that is available to everyone anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. Apart from the present study, in which the announcers themselves have been the subject of the study, for any study/experience using the CFs, any researcher/volunteer must register on the COSMOintel Website (www.cosmointel.com). Once registered, go to the researcher/connection experience section and fill out a form. In order to study/experience at any given time and place, the researchers/volunteers simply need to introduce the testing center/himself to the guidance center. It should be noted that registration on the website and also requesting and gaining an announcement is free.

EEG-source localization analysis
In this study the three dimensional intracerebral distribution of neuronal electrical activity or current density was assessed using Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) with a resolution of 1Hz, from 1 to 40 Hz. LORETA computes this parameter from the scalp-recorded potential distribution by assuming that the smoothest of all possible inverse solutions is the most plausible, which is consistent with the assumption of neighboring neurons are simultaneously and synchronously active [31]. The 3D solution space in LORETA was restricted to the cortical gray matter and hippocampus in the Talairach human brain atlas [32], as determined by the corresponding digitized Probability Atlas (Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurologic Institute). LORETA functional images of spectral density were estimated for the mentioned ten frequency bands (section 2.2).

Statistical analysis
The statistical method for comparing the individuals of each group in the two modes of rest and task was the t-test of dependent groups. The T-level thresholds were corresponding to statistically significant thresholds (p<0.05 and p<0.01).

Results
The results showed that there was a significant increase in gamma2 wave, 35-40 Hz, on fronto-central areas of the brain in task condition compared the rest condition in this population ( Figure 2).  The LORETA results indicate a significant difference in the following areas. The high-precision point is the middle frontal. This area corresponds to the Broadman District 6. Moreover, second point is the paracentral lobule correspond to Broadman District 31. 2D and 3D representation of regions of activity in the brain of Fara-therapist in the task condition regarding the rest condition during Faradarmani consciousness filed announcement are shown in figures 3 and 4, respectively.

Discussion
According to the founder, Fara-darmani is different and distinctive from other methods of mindbody interaction in the mechanism and purpose. In its mechanism, has been emphasized on the communication between the place of the whole consciousness (named by him Cosmic Consciousness Network: CCN) containing the data and information of all the components of the universe and each living and inanimate components of the universe. Also, the aim of this connection is modifying and reconstructing the mentioned components. According to Taheri's approach, in the Fara-darmani connection, which is initiates by announcement of the Fara-therapists and by the operation of the CCN, the human brain is like a detector and receiver that shows the manifestations of this connection and mediates its function.
In this study, which is similar to other methods of examining the mind-body interactions with the aim of investigating the electrical activity of the brain during Fara-darmani connection in the Faratherapist population, it observed that the brain activity during this connection is limited to the gamma waves in areas associated with the general and default mode network brain activity. A gamma wave is considered to be the fastest brain activity and responsible for cognitive functioning, learning, information processing, attention, focus, binding of senses (smell, sight, and hearing), consciousness, problem solving, mental processing, and perception.
On the other, two main activated brain areas of Fata-therapist population during Fara-darmani CF connection incorporated in multiple conscious experience different form most known mind-body interaction methods. First, BA6 area is associated with many functions mainly motor sequencing and planning movements. Participation of BA6 in memory, attention, and executive functions may be due to the activation of an extended brain network that sometimes involves this area [33]. Secondly, BA31 area, with main role in emotion is obvious as well as its participation in different types of memory (e.g., topographic memory, episodic memory, etc.) [34,35]. Moreover, this area is one of the mentioned regions in the DMRSN (default mode resting state network) [15].
According to results of this study, although application of Fara-darmani is similar to various types of mind-body interaction in terms of mind mediation, relaxation and being in the present moment during the task, but the increase in gamma wave power in the frontal lobe (medial frontal gyrus (BA6) and paracentral lobule (BA31)), and the absence of low frequency waves increase during the Faradarmani CF connection indicate Fara-darmani connection manifestations are different than the other known methods of meditation and mind-body interaction. Moreover, according to the concepts of the method, based on establishing a connection and receiving the necessary structural and functional data and information of the organ and body from whole consciousness (CCN), the positive relationship of this connection and the increase in the power of gamma waves and activity of the effective parts of the brains in memory, attention, perception and motor movements is observed. Also in this case, during this connection, the increase in the intrinsic activity of the brain in relation to its general activities (DMN), which consumes more than 90% of the brain energy [36], is significant.
Further investigations on obtaining the graph of the electrical and metabolic activity of the brains during Fara-darmani connection in the Fara-therapist population in comparison with a non-Faratherapist population are the future related studies of the authors. Also, study on the samples of the patients with diseases related to the activated brain regions and increased wave frequencies seen in the present study will be of the special interest.