Narrative Study of Shariah Hospitals in Indonesia: A 2 Review of Islamic Brand Communities Innovation 3 for Health Care 4

: The Ministry of Health evaluates hospital management in accordance with the standard 14 of quality of service. The concept of Shariah hospitals offers management services that exceed the 15 standard of quality of hospital care. The study aims to illustrate the concept of Shariah hospitals in 16 Indonesia. We collect related literature from various media via online search with the keywords 17 “Shariah hospitals,” “implementation of Shariah hospitals,” and “application of Shariah hospitals.” 18 Main findings: The study finds that the Shariah hospitals built by the philosophy of Islam are willing 19 to provide the best health-care services to patients. A code of conduct must be fulfilled by the 20 hospital management in Shariah hospitals: (1) general liability, (2) obligations to society and the 21 environment, (3) obligations to patients, (4) obligations to the leaders, staff, and employees, and (4) 22 relationships with related institutions. The foremost challenges include the improvement of health 23 personnel performance and the quality of services in addition to perceptions that are not inclusive 24 of the system of Shariah hospitals. This implementation should run consistently and with the 25 commitment of all parties. Such insight, in turn, can be counted as an input to an approach to health 26 services, particularly in increasing the performance rates, such as hospital. This study is the first to 27 provide new insight into discussion about shariah hospital by pr esenting its focuses on Islamic 28 approaches in meeting the quality standards of health services in hospitals so as to obtain more 29 value. However, exclusive principles—Islamization, heterogeneity, and the performance of health 30 workers—challenge the implementation of this hospital system.

relationships with related institutions. The foremost challenges include the improvement of health 23 personnel performance and the quality of services in addition to perceptions that are not inclusive 24 of the system of Shariah hospitals. This implementation should run consistently and with the 25 commitment of all parties. Such insight, in turn, can be counted as an input to an approach to health 26 services, particularly in increasing the performance rates, such as hospital. This study is the first to 27 provide new insight into discussion about shariah hospital by pr esenting its focuses on Islamic 28 approaches in meeting the quality standards of health services in hospitals so as to obtain more 29 value. However, exclusive principles-Islamization, heterogeneity, and the performance of health 30 workers-challenge the implementation of this hospital system.

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The existence of hospitals continues to grow from time to time, and even now, the hospital has 35 become a global health necessary [1]. In this way, hospital management are expected to emulate 36 principles containing a summary of the values and norms of the community [2,3]. In line with the 37 development of civilization, that of the order of sociocultural society, and that of the progress of 38 science and technology, especially in the fields of medicine and health, the hospital has evolved into 39 a "socioeconomic unit" [4,5]. Hospitals in Indonesia, in accordance with travel history, typically of the progress of science and technology, especially in the fields of medicine and health, the hospital 48 has evolved into an entity that requires an orientation of the various socioeconomist complexities it 49 often encounters [7,8]. In the history of Indonesia, hospital management is based on the principles of 50 Sharia. Such hospitals are known as Shariah hospitals, which have been granted Sharia certification 51 by the Indonesian Ulema Council [9].

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The ethical code of Shariah hospitals as well as that of hospitals in general are applied in 53 operational hospitals [9]. For doctors and health workers, ethics means the obligation and 54 responsibility to meet the expectations of the profession and the public. For the leader or the owner 55 of the hospital, ethics should mean the obligation an d responsibility specifically for patients and 56 clients against the organization, the personnel, themselves, the profession, the government, and other 57 levels not apparent to the public. The criteria of fair, honest, professional, and respectable practices 58 also apply to other officers in the hospital. The ethical code of a hospital consists of ethical practices 59 that are developed for the hospital as an institution, often almost meeting with ethics of biomedicine.

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The Indonesian hospital, as with any government hospital, is in the process of meeting

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The success of health services is not apart from health personnel performance but also requires 169 rules that must be carried out in accordance with standard quality [14]. Health-care quality is highly   c. completion of work that one has to do for another.

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The dimensions of service quality according to the World Health Organization can be used as a 196 reference by adjusting the conditions in the hospital [17], as follows: 197 Health services should be close to the evidence base and successful in increasing individual or community health outcomes based on need. The health services provided should be based on the needs of the patient's disease diagnosis conditions, both for medical examinations and for medical actions, or other supporting examinations so that quality control is achieved. Efficient The Ministry of Health should maximize resources and avoid wastage. Health services should be given and utilized as optimally as possible to achieve the control of costs. Accessible The Ministry of Health, at the right time, should be geographically accessible and provide within the framework the right skills and resources to fulfill needs. The use of health services must be easy to use for all users and implementers of health services, and the services and actions of medical staff and support should be responsibly justified. Accepted (Patient-centered) Health services should consider the choices and aspirations of individual service users and the culture of their community. The availability of services should be tailored to the needs of people (the need and demand of society) so that all the units of ser vice can be used optimally with the purpose of adding value to the health services provider. Equitable The Ministry of Health must not discriminate health personnel based on their personal characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, geographical location, and socioeconomic status. Safe Health services should minimize risk and harm. The management and all personnel, health and non-health, should be committed to implementing a culture of safety for patients.

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Conflicts of Interest: The authors de clare no conflict of inte re st.