The Application of the Latest Technologies for Smart City Construction in China

With the continuous emergence and application of new technologies, the construction of smart cities has entered the practical promotion period. Since 2012, the pilot construction of smart city has been promoted by the government in China. On the basis of these practical experiences, this paper presents an overview of the latest technologies and applications for smart city construction in China and demonstrates that smart city strategy needs to be implemented according to local conditions, adhering to the people-oriented concept and using scientific and effective top-level design and planning. The construction of smart city is comprehensive system engineering, including the integration of geographic information sharing service platform, full-cycle management and control system of urban planning, construction and social management, as well as intelligent business information management system of gardening, water conservancy, environmental protection and other industries and departments. The information system (GIS), satellite remote sensing (SRS), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), Internet of things, mobile applications, cloud computing, visualization technology ware used to promote urban construction and sustainable development, and to meet the needs of future smart city development. Results show that centralized management is very important for the construction of smart city. The government plays a major role in the construction of smart city, which will be conducive to the development of new technologies and the effective use of smart city construction resources.


Introduction
At present, more than half of the world's population resides in urban areas. It is projected that more than two-thirds of people around the world will live in cities by 2050 [1]. China's economic and social development is accompanied by growing urbanization. By 2020, the urbanization rate of the population in China is expected to reach 60%, and the urbanization rate of the registered population is expected to reach 45% [2]. An increase in population puts pressure on the management of information, transportation infrastructure, urban environment, resources needed to support the urbanization and security. These together with such a significant increase in the flow of goods, environment, and personnel of construction projects. It can also be used to promote green civil construction and create a good order in the construction market. In addition to planning, construction, management, and services, the management system of smart cities also integrates smart information systems such as intelligent maintenance of parks, water drainage, environmental maintenance, railways, and the management needs of other related industries.

Figure 1. MI & MD smart business information management system
The realization of the smart city is to comprehensively use the new generation of information technology, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, and spatial geographic information integration, to improve the efficiency of urban operation, to implement new ideas. It also uses modes of intelligent urban planning, construction management, and service to create better urban working and living conditions for citizens. The smart city technology application integration framework is shown in Figure 2. The existing city organizational structures are based on the concept of specialization of urban management. New York City, for example, already had in place many digital assets that were running on different platforms across various city agencies. If urban development is in an era of austerity and limited public funds, it is feasible to construct smart cities selectively. For instance, Amsterdam chose the energy and open data (A digital space created by the Dutch government for environmental protection and energy conservation) [9]. The application of new information technology can only provide technical solutions that make smart city management structure more holistic and comprehensive.

Geographic Information Sharing Service Platform
The geographic information sharing platform is mainly dedicated to the development of a unified, multi-source, massive basic geographic data (topographic map, image map, digital elevation model, place name address, etc.) management, updating, and sharing software system.
The platform integrates massive network spatial information sharing, service management, background log monitoring, and resource display applications, and provides efficient, safe and reliable Spatio-temporal integrated data application services for all departments.

Geospatial data database
As a framework of urban information resources integration, information resources sharing and application model based on "one map" has unique advantages. In this way, the urban geospatial data can be integrated with the professional data of various departments, and the effective integration of regional information resources can be realized and allow for the delivery of visualized decision making processes and data sharing services to the government. Developing the application of government affairs and public services on the "one map" can avoid duplication of construction and waste of funds, so as to better exert the economic and social benefits of the funds invested.

5
The "one map" integration model of urban information resources is shown in Figure   3. Geospatial data is particularly important as a fundamental base map data in the "one map" integration model of urban information resources. The framework architecture of urban geospatial data consists of four levels: First, the space benchmark includes planar coordinate system, height datum, and GPS Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) and specifies the plane coordinates and height datum of the entire geospatial library.
Second, historical archives include image data history base, basic geographic data history base, planning thematic archives, comprehensive underground pipeline archives, thematic data archives, etc.
Third, the current database reflects the status quo of the city, which is divided into the current geographical situation and the management status, each of which contains many sub-categories. Fourth, the planning information base reflects the future development prospects of the city, which is divided into general planning, zoning planning, controlled detailed planning, special planning, and planning scheme. The entire geospatial data framework includes geospatial positioning benchmarks, representing past, present, and future geographic data, forming a comprehensive database that comprehensively reflects urban development changes. The urban geospatial data system framework is shown in Table 1.

Establishment of urban geographic information sharing service platform
The geographic information sharing service platform is one of the core infrastructures of smart cities. The urban geographic information sharing service platform will realize the management and service of multi-source and massive geographic information resources. Through the interface specification of spatial data interoperability developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), the data interoperability of heterogeneous GIS platforms will be realized to meet the requirements of the development and sharing of geographic information resources. The platform consists of four parts: data sharing service subsystem, resource display subsystem, database management subsystem, and operation and maintenance support subsystem. It integrates functions such as massive data management, network space information sharing, service management, background log monitoring, and resource display application in one body. The sketch of the geographic information sharing service platform is shown in Figure 4.

Smart Planning Management
Smart planning management is supported by the compilation, approval, supervision, decision-making, and publicity of urban planning，focusing on the "one map for planning", it establishes an integrated planning database including urban status data, planning results, planning approval data, planning supervision data and planning publicity data. The planning integrated 4.1 "One Map" planning outcomes management system "One Map" planning outcomes management system displays the city's planning results, planning project management data, planning approval data, planning dynamics, planning industry laws and regulations, and many other planning results data, and comprehensively displays the city in the form of maps and comprehensive reports. The system can flexibly realize the positioning of the planning project, the related query of various planning results data, the query of planning approval data, the analysis of various indicators of urban planning land, the composition of various types of land, the construction composition, and the statistical indicators of different areas of the city. Provide flexible, comprehensive and critical data information for urban planning and construction decision-making. At the same time, the system supports access on mobile devices. The project planning approval data query (map, table) is shown in Figure 5. It is necessary for urban social management and service to adapt to planning. The level of urban management service is an important sign and direct reflection of the degree of civilization and the comprehensive strength of a region [10]. The grid urban management model has been widely used in China. It divides the urban space into grids according to a certain scope, relying on information technology and collaborative work mode, realizes the unified and coordinated management of various resources and their management objects in the grid unit, and realizes the coordinated scheduling and sharing of resources among different grids, to build a comprehensive information platform which integrates the management elements of "human, land, material, situation, affairs and organization", to promote the transformation of social management from "rough management" to "fine management", to promote the transition of public service from "scattered service" to "one-stop service".

Planning Approval Management System
The planning approval management system is based on the urban planning management "one book and two certificates" (location proposal, land permit, construction project planning permit) as the mainline, combined with project management process, using advanced information technology such as GIS, MIS, CAD, etc. It includes the planning business approval part and the planning management CAD drawing section. Using the CAD drawing function, a land occupation plan can be created that is related to the project, as shown in Figure 6. The system can complete a series of services, such as receiving, processing, auditing, validating, filing, certification and so on. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 7 July 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0116.v1 Figure 6. CAD planned land occupation drawing

Planning Inspector Management System
In order to ensure that urban construction strictly abides by urban land and space planning, government management departments often use satellite remote sensing images to quickly obtain spatial information within the city, and make use of the comparison between multi-temporal remote sensing image data and planning results, planning approval data, and current data to timely understand the status of urban development, and find that urban construction is not accord with planning. It also serves urban planning supervision and urban management by means of verification, reporting and statistical analysis. The system can simultaneously call multiple images and synchronize the map window to find urban changes, such as changing from green space to house, as shown in Figure 7.

Planning big data analysis system and ventilation channel planning construction
The planning big data analysis system provides functions such as comprehensive query, model definition, status analysis, planning implementation monitoring, and analysis, and will combine the urban traffic and air pollution prevention and other subjects to establish a special analysis model, and obtain thematic analysis results to provide data for government decision-makers. Figure 8 shows

Smart construction management
Smart construction management is to establish a coordinated supervision mechanism, which can form an organic whole for the quality supervision, safety supervision, environmental supervision, employee supervision and video surveillance of urban construction projects, and a closed-loop feedback mechanism for the management of construction site problems [11, 12，13]. The daily behavior supervision of the construction site, standardize the construction site operation behavior, monitor the project quality and construction safety status, promote green construction, civilized construction, and create a good order in the construction market. The smart construction management information system is shown in Figure 10.

5.１ Quality Supervision Subsystem
At present, the supervision of construction project quality mainly includes the construction materials, the behavior of employees, the key nodes of the construction process, etc. The quality supervision subsystem can realize the effective supervision of the whole process of quality inspection of building materials used at the construction site and the traceability supervision of building materials.

5.２ Safety Supervision Subsystem
The safety supervision subsystem can realize the supervision function of the safety state of construction engineering, including the safety behavior supervision of employees, the safety supervision of construction machinery and equipment, the monitoring of dangerous parts, the inspection of equipment and the inspection and acceptance of safety protection related equipment.
Large and medium construction cranes shall be registered, filed and recorded by the competent construction authorities in accordance with the regulations. At the same time, the system will also incorporate the real-time operation data of the on-site mechanical equipment and the management of real-time operation video data into the system through various sensors, and establish an early warning. The model built for real-time collection and inspection finds hidden dangers and issues early warnings. Figure 11 records the condition monitoring and simulation of the running tower crane. Figure 11. Operational status monitoring of tower cranes

Environmental Supervision Subsystem
The environmental supervision subsystem can monitor the construction site environment (including noise, dust, microclimate meteorological data management, and over-standard determination, over-standard alarm prompts and other functions). Figure

Cooperative Supervision Subsystem
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 7 July 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0116.v1 14 The cooperative supervision subsystem can deal with various types of events such as construction site quality, safety, environment and personnel (such as the processing, processing feedback, verification, and complete evaluation, and comprehensive query, statistical analysis and GIS-based maps of various aspects of construction site supervision management and other functions). Figure 13 records the comprehensive situation of a construction site, including on-site video surveillance images, real-time dust noise monitoring data, one-week site monitoring dynamics (dust monitoring, noise monitoring, vehicle non-flushing monitoring alarms, etc.) and basic information of the project, project progress, etc. Figure 13. Comprehensive information inquiry on the construction site

Smart City Management and Service
Smart city management and service are directed toward "grid management and social service".
It establishes city management and service event by means of answering questions from the public hotline in the call center, reporting problems found in the inspection process by using

Intelligent landscape (garden) management
The intelligent landscape (garden) management system mainly serves the planning,  Figure 16 is a statistical thematic map based on the total confluence area of general rivers, regional backbone rivers and important trans-regional rivers in different regions of the city. The system promotes the functions of flood control, drought resistance, disaster prevention and mitigation in cities, optimizes the allocation of water resources and makes efficient use of water resources, and makes wastewater treated and recycled.