1 Big data-driven Market-Oriented Information System 2 for the Internationalisation and Strategic and 3 Sustainable Management of SMEs 4

There have been many discussions on the globalisation of SMEs, but it is true that there is 19 not enough academic achievement after such the study of Born global (BG) ventures. The 20 internationalisation of SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) is not easy because they lack 21 resources or capabilities compared to multinational corporations. This study investigated the role 22 of government in assisting the internationalisation of SMEs. In particular, SMEs lacked the ability 23 to acquire market-oriented information, so we’ve established the scheme of efficient information 24 support system for the internationalisation of SMEs. In other words, we proposed an information 25 analysis system through the establishment of a relational database constructed for market-oriented 26 information support. KISTI (Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information), which is one 27 of the government-funded research institutes in the Republic of Korea, provided information 28 support to the SMEs dealing with hydrazine related products. This study suggests this case for the 29 market-oriented information support of the government in the internationalisation of SMEs. The 30 research on information support of the government is meaningful in that it suggests a way to 31 support SMEs in practical level. 32


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SMEs account for a significant portion of the economy. In the OECD economy, SMEs and 37 microenterprises not only account for more than 95% of enterprises and 60-70% of employment and 38 55% of GDP but creating new jobs as well [1]. Also, European Commissioner Günther Verheugen      alternative to advance into the overseas market. Therefore, the firms exposed to above-mentioned 249 environment tend to pursue rapid internationalisation. Ultimately, for high-tech SMEs, securing their

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Various empirical studies also indicate that firms' overseas experience is an important parameter that 264 accelerates the internationalisation [98][99] acquisition of new knowledge. It depends on the firm's ability to take advantage of opportunities for 278 the internationalisation. In order to successfully exploit external knowledge or skills, the ability to 279 internalise and absorb them, namely absorptive capacity, should be developed within the firm [105]. resources such as overseas experience of entrepreneur, the knowledge and information of overseas 282 market, and , in particular, the absorptive capacity.
international activities of firms can be an important source of gaining competitive advantage. In order 285 to have high competitiveness in a globalised market, R&D intensity should be high, and firms with 286 high R&D intensity should focus on 'intelligence gathering' with international scale. In order to meet 287 the enormous cost and cope with the complexity of R&D, therefore, venture firms need to expand 288 their overseas markets rapidly [106-108].

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In study of Rialp and Rialp [109], they looked upon the backsight of securing a sustainable 290 competitive advantage as a sustainable export potential, and based on this premise, developed a

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MO can also be understood from the RBV. In accordance with RBV, MO is seen as an intangible 342 resource that allows the firms to deploy and exploit market information as a means to create better 343 value [122]. According to Armario et al. [123], they counted the company's global MO as a key 344 capability in supporting the market activities of firms in overseas markets. This is because the global 345 MO provides the ability for firms to quickly learn about overseas markets and to build a promptly 346 response system for overseas markets. Therefore, they pointed out that the MO, represented by the 347 market intelligence generation, is the key to promoting international market commitment.

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MO as an intangible resource can help to develop an "inside-out" capability that connects

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As steadily mentioned above, the internationalisation of SMEs is closely related to the export 360 activity and export potential of enterprises. In this regard, studies on between Export Market 361 Orientation (EMO) and export performance have been carried out in various directions. In the area 362 of studying export performance, MO has been attracting attention as a potential major determinant  defined as the export-focused activities generating, disseminating, and responding to export market 367 intelligence as parts of the market-oriented activities that a firms carry out in its export markets.

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Empirically, Cadogan et al. [134] demonstrated that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between EMO behaviours and export sales performance in export activities unlike the conventional of EMO behaviour decreases with market dynamics increased and increases with the degree of corporate internationalization decreased. Thus, they suggested firms should manage MO behaviours at an optimal level, rather than continually increasing them with the internationalisation process companies cannot be competitive in isolation from the diverse entities, including suppliers within 380 their supply chain [138]. This would be the same in the internationalisation process of SMEs.

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As mentioned above, the internationalisation process of SMEs should utilise various external 382 resources. In particular, in order for the high-tech SMEs to achieve the rapid internationalisation, 383 securing resources on network and market-oriented information is the key resources. According to 384 Yeoh [39], start-ups, however, lack the know-how to commercialise, even though they have excellent 385 development capabilities. Therefore, it is necessary for them to acquire information that can capture 386 overseas market opportunities through various channels. And in the same study, firms that relied on 387 information source from individual and quasi-government tend to have higher performance levels, 388 as well as firms that have made efforts to acquire information.

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The information, such as overseas market conditions, customer's demands, and regulations (e.g.  The purpose of this study is to explore the information support system that can facilitate the 401 rapid and efficient internationalisation of SMEs. Among the internal resources of SMEs, the resources 402 required for internationalisation would be market-oriented resources. However, as mentioned above, 403 it is not easy for SMEs to acquire overseas market information [50]. In addition, it is time consuming 404 and costly [140], and it is not easy for SMEs to consume these resources.

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KISTI is a government-funded research institute in Republic of Korea and has been providing 406 information on R&D, technology, and industry for innovation growth of SMEs for a long time.

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This study is an exploratory study to build a system that can provide market-oriented 413 information to SMEs at domestic and overseas in a systematic way. This market-oriented information 414 includes trade information and product supply chain network information. In order to improve the 415 objectivity and reproducibility of the system, the existing data is constructed as a relational database

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(DB) and the information analysis result is automatically derived through the inter-field network 417 structure in the relational DB.
The purpose of this study is to explore the information support system that can facilitate the 420 rapid and efficient internationalisation of SMEs. Among the internal resources of SMEs, the resources required for internationalisation would be market-oriented resources. However, as mentioned above, and costly [140], and it is not easy for SMEs to consume these resources.

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In order to give functions to export market intelligence, the relational DB used in this study 425 consists of multiple DBs in total. It is a relational DB created to systematically provide information 426 on product supply chain network, and trade condition in KISTI, and detailed DB structure is specified

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The HS code of the tariff nomenclature is the internationally standardized name and numbering 433 system for classifying the products that have been traded [143]. The HS code is a series of six-digit 434 numbers specifying the general product category in the World Customers Organization (WCO).

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Countries adopting this system additionally set a four-digit number to supplement the product to a 436 more detailed level [144]. Therefore, each merchandise traded globally is typically assigned 10 digits.

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The total number of HS codes in the relational database is 33,143. Products that assigned individual 438 HS code have quantitative data concerning trade condition such as total product prices and the 439 import or export prices of each product that are traded in the real world.

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The information to be provided by the market-oriented information system designed in this 455 study can be divided into two categories. The first is trade information. In other words, the system is 456 designed to enable SME to easily obtain information about import and export for its flagship biomedical, and others. The framework of the detailed system is represented in more detail below.

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In order to assess the unfavourable trade balance, it is necessary to establish specific criteria. In 468 general, the trade balance, which is unfavourable, is expressed as a trade situation in which exports 469 exceed import volumes and/or costs. Therefore, in this study, UTAB (Unfavourable Trade Amount

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UTCB is positive, the products are imported at a higher price than when exporting certain products.

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In other words, UTCB means price advantage and competitiveness.

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In summary, when the X and Y axes are crossed, we can describe each quadrant by UTAB and

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TSI has a value between the maximum value of 1 and the minimum value of -1, and the larger 510 the value, the more competitive it is. The closer to 0 (-0.5<TSI<0.5), the lower the import dependence 511 rate. The closer to -1 (TSI ≤ -0.5), the higher the dependence on imports for a particular country,

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indicating that import diversification is necessary. Conversely, the closer to 1 (TSI ≥ 0.5), the higher 513 the concentration of exports to a particular country, indicating that export diversification is necessary.
If SRCA = 0, then the corresponding trade item is that the export specialisation (concentration) 524 with the target trading partner is the average of all domestic trade items. In addition, the value of 525 SRCA between -100 and 0 means that the export specialisation of the trade item with the target 526 trading partner is relatively low. That is, it is lower than the average of all domestic trade items.

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Finally, if 0<SRCA<100, the trade item means that its export specialisation with the target trading 528 partner is relatively high. That is, it is higher than the average of all domestic trade items.  The product supply chain network is a useful tool for a holistic view of the overall relevance of 531 all business activity networks, from raw materials to finished goods. The mechanism for embodying 532 the product supply chain networks is based on the relational databases in our study. As mentioned 533 earlier, the relational database constructed in this study is designed with a network structure in which 534 the components are connected to each other via the same product or material within the HS code and 535 CASRN. As shown Figure 5, the first band refers to the relationship between the HS code and the 536 product name. In the same way, the second and third bands are connected from the product name to 537 the CASRN, and from the CASRN to various usages, respectively. The usages are linked back to the     Table 1.

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The HS codes of products related to hydrazine can be broadly classified into codes starting with    Based on the trade-related figures shown in Table 2 and Table 3   to or somewhat stronger than that of imported products, but price competitiveness is weak. In other 622 words, a lot of products are exported, but the export unit price is low. Also, the import amounts are small compared to exports, but the products are imported with high trading unit prices. In 2016, it is are all weak, namely, these products are market and technology dependent. In other words, the 640 products located in this area means that the imports are larger than the exports, and even when 641 importing these products, the trade is done at a high trade price. In terms of the domestic trade 642 situation, it can be said that it means the area to be avoided as much as possible.

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The hydrazine-related products were subdivided in accordance with HS code, and each product Table 4 shows information on whether each item showed a tendency to import-dependent or

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For products corresponding to each HS code, the import dependency and export intensity 660 indexes can be used to determine which trade target countries are highly dependent on imports or 661 which countries are main targets of export in the Republic of Korea.

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As shown in Table 4, products that were granted HS code 2825.10-9010 were import-dependent 663 in 2013 and exports-oriented in 2017. Table 5 shows the import amounts of money and import 664 dependency indices of this product in accordance with target trade countries and year. In addition, Table 6 shows the SRCA, which means the degree of export-orientation for the same product, and 666 the export amounts of money by trade target countries and year.

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Through this information, SMEs dealing with hydrazine-related products will be able to know 679 the past trade conditions in detail, which will help them to establish strategies for entering the trading 680 market and securing trading partners. Information on import dependency and export centricity for 681 the other HS codes shown in Table 4 is specifically included in Appendix A.

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A product supply chain network was embodied to identify usages of the import-dependent HS 684 code items and export-oriented practical. As mentioned above, the supply chain network 685 implemented in this study is systematically based on relational DB. Table 4 were import-dependent and two were export-687 oriented. If the usages of each product are identified through the supply chain network, then the 688 trade status and objective of each item can be verified from a macro perspective. It is also possible to 689 identify firms handling such items through patent information that is the basis of the information on 690 the usages. Furthermore, based on the above results, it can be analysed whether the current 691 unfavourable condition of trade that the Republic of Korea has been undergoing in relation to the 692 hydrazine-related products is advantageous or disadvantageous.

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The supply chain network for the six products listed in Table 8 is shown in Figure 10, Figure    while export-oriented products have only slightly simpler applications as shown in Figure 12. For 700 more detailed applications, the specific usages of HS code 2825.10-9010, which has changed from an 701 import-dependent item to an export-oriented item, is shown in Table 7. Also, Table 8 and Table 9 702 detail CASRNs and their usages that match import-dependent HS codes and export-oriented HS

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As can be seen in Table 7 high value-added items have been import-dependent in the past, but recently, they become export-720 oriented items can allow SMEs dealing with hydrazine-related products to establish appropriate 721 business strategies.    domestic market power associated with these products is weak.

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From a RBV, a network viewpoint, and an MO viewpoint, it was knowledge, or market-oriented 753 information, that played one of the key roles in the globalisation of SMEs. It is a reality for SMEs that 754 it is not easy for SMEs to get information on their current status of trade, import and export data, 755 potential competitors, and partners who can establish friendly relations in entering the global market.

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Thus, such information needs to be strategically provided to SMEs to support them at the government Therefore, in this study, we have studied the system that can effectively communicate marketoriented information to SMEs from the government's perspective. In other words, we have studied how SMEs can obtain market-oriented information related to their products more easily and quickly, 761 and devised a systematic and automatic method as the solution by using various DB links.

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To do this, we constructed an optimal relational DB by linking information related to trade and 763 patent information. We also used various indices for the trade condition to identify actual market-764 oriented information and designed relational DB to embody the product supply chain network. Thus, 765 a systematic basis is established to derive various market-oriented information corresponding to the 766 HS code or CASRN of the product. In addition, we have presented the results of our research as an 767 example of the data provided by KISTI in the request of actual SMEs dealing with hydrazine-related 768 products.

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This study is an exploratory study, and it has studied how government agencies can actually 770 support the internationalisation of SMEs on a practical level. For governments, the most direct way 771 to help SMEs is by subsidising or giving them projects directly. However, SMEs that can benefit from 772 these methods are limited. On the other hand, government support through information is 773 advantageous in that it can be used variously according to the discretion of the user as long as the 774 infrastructure is equipped, and it can be highly effective against the investment. Especially, in the 775 knowledge-based economy society, the asymmetry of information between large corporations and 776 SMEs can be alleviated or somewhat solved, so the social value is also quite high, in terms of reducing 777 polarisation. In addition, support for SMEs through information has the advantage of providing 778 fundamental and long-term support, rather than temporary support, in terms of expanding the level 779 of knowledge and capability of SMEs themselves. Therefore, it can be said that the information 780 support system can change the constitution of SMEs with limited resources so that more competitive 781 SMEs can be raised at the national level in the era of globalisation.

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Limitations of this study include the followings. First, there is a lack of research on how the 783 information provided in the relational DB used in this study actually benefited SMEs. This can be 784 achieved by obtaining data on the responses and performance of SMEs who have received actual 785 information support. So, we are preparing a follow-up empirical study about this. In addition, the 786 information provided in this study focused more on the information that real data could provide, 787 rather than tailored to the needs of SMEs. Therefore, it is necessary for SMEs to further explore the 788 information they need when entering the global market. Finally, the data provided in this study is 789 centred on Korea trade data. Therefore, it is necessary to build richer and more practical market-