PreprintArticleVersion 1Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
The Effectiveness of Mollusk Sand Filtration and Absorption of Active Carbon to Decrease Pb, Turbidity and pH in Rain Water and Its Correlation to Public Health in Pontianak
Version 1
: Received: 20 October 2018 / Approved: 22 October 2018 / Online: 22 October 2018 (06:06:19 CEST)
How to cite:
Khayan, K.; Heru Husodo, A.; Astuti, I.; Sudarmadji, S.; Sugandawaty, T. The Effectiveness of Mollusk Sand Filtration and Absorption of Active Carbon to Decrease Pb, Turbidity and pH in Rain Water and Its Correlation to Public Health in Pontianak. Preprints2018, 2018100475. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201810.0475.v1
Khayan, K.; Heru Husodo, A.; Astuti, I.; Sudarmadji, S.; Sugandawaty, T. The Effectiveness of Mollusk Sand Filtration and Absorption of Active Carbon to Decrease Pb, Turbidity and pH in Rain Water and Its Correlation to Public Health in Pontianak. Preprints 2018, 2018100475. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201810.0475.v1
Khayan, K.; Heru Husodo, A.; Astuti, I.; Sudarmadji, S.; Sugandawaty, T. The Effectiveness of Mollusk Sand Filtration and Absorption of Active Carbon to Decrease Pb, Turbidity and pH in Rain Water and Its Correlation to Public Health in Pontianak. Preprints2018, 2018100475. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201810.0475.v1
APA Style
Khayan, K., Heru Husodo, A., Astuti, I., Sudarmadji, S., & Sugandawaty, T. (2018). The Effectiveness of Mollusk Sand Filtration and Absorption of Active Carbon to Decrease Pb, Turbidity and pH in Rain Water and Its Correlation to Public Health in Pontianak. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201810.0475.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Khayan, K., Sudarmadji Sudarmadji and Tjut Sugandawaty. 2018 "The Effectiveness of Mollusk Sand Filtration and Absorption of Active Carbon to Decrease Pb, Turbidity and pH in Rain Water and Its Correlation to Public Health in Pontianak" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201810.0475.v1
Abstract
Pb found in rain water is not only caused by tin roof on houses but also caused by the pollution of industrial activities, vehicles and land clearing activity by fire. Pb pollutant dissolves and enters into rain water storages and it’s consumed as drinking. Pb can cause bad impact to human, for example disruption of enzyme, anemia and low intelligence. The purposes of this research are (1) to evaluate Pb, pH and turbidity level in rain water, (2) to analyze the effectiveness of mollusk sand filtration and the absorption of activity carbon to decrease Pb, turbidity and pH, and (3) to analyze the correlation of Pb, length of stay and smoking habit on public health. This research is an experimental by using pre and post test designs with control and observational by using cross sectional design. The research was conducted in urban and rural areas of Pontianak and Kubu Raya regency. The sampling was done in determining the number of samples of Pb, pH and turbidity in rain water. The analyzing the data by using computer program. The results show that: (1) the average of Pb, pH and turbidity level before treatment is considered high at 131.7 µg/L on Pb, turbidity at 20 NTU and low pH at 5.2. After the treatment was the Pb has decreased to 0.71 µg/L and turbidity has to 5.66 NTU, pH to 6.9 and (2) Rain water treatment is very effective to decrease Pb for 99.4% and turbidity for 72%, and (3) there is a correlation among Pb found in rain water, length of stay and smoking activity to public health. Recommends that: the residents of Pontianak and Kubu Raya to process rain water before consuming. The rain water treatment can be done by applying mollusk sand filtration and absorption of active carbon.
Keywords
Pb; turbidity; pH; rain water; filtration; absorbtion; public health
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Waste Management and Disposal
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
