Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

A Polyphenol Rich Extract from Solanum melongena L. DR2 Peel Exhibits Antioxidant Properties and Anti-Herpes Simplex virus Type 1 Activity In Vitro

Antonella Di Sotto
* ORCID logo ,
Silvia Di Giacomo
ORCID logo ,
Donatella Amatore
,
Marcello Locatelli
ORCID logo ,
Annabella Vitalone
* ORCID logo ,
Chiara Toniolo
,
Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino
,
Roberto Lo Scalzo
,
Anna Teresa Palamara
,
Maria Elena Marcocci
ORCID logo ,
Lucia Nencioni
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 2 August 2018 / Approved: 3 August 2018 / Online: 3 August 2018 (04:53:37 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Di Sotto, A.; Di Giacomo, S.; Amatore, D.; Locatelli, M.; Vitalone, A.; Toniolo, C.; Rotino, G.L.; Lo Scalzo, R.; Palamara, A.T.; Marcocci, M.E.; Nencioni, L. A Polyphenol Rich Extract from Solanum melongena L. DR2 Peel Exhibits Antioxidant Properties and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity In Vitro. Molecules 2018, 23, 2066. Di Sotto, A.; Di Giacomo, S.; Amatore, D.; Locatelli, M.; Vitalone, A.; Toniolo, C.; Rotino, G.L.; Lo Scalzo, R.; Palamara, A.T.; Marcocci, M.E.; Nencioni, L. A Polyphenol Rich Extract from Solanum melongena L. DR2 Peel Exhibits Antioxidant Properties and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity In Vitro. Molecules 2018, 23, 2066.

Abstract

DR2B and DR2C extracts, from peel of commercially and physiologically ripe eggplants, were studied for the antioxidative cytoprotective properties and anti-HSV-1 activity, in line with the evidence that several antioxidants can impair viral replication by maintaining reducing conditions into the host cells. The antioxidative cytoprotective effects against tBOOH-induced damage was assessed in Caco2 cells, while the antiviral activity was studied in Vero cells; phenolic and anthocyanin fingerprint was characterized by integrated phytochemical methods. Results highlighted different compositions of the extracts, with chlorogenic acid and delphinidin-3-rutinoside as the major constituents; other peculiar phytochemicals were also identified. DR2C resulted able to partly counteract the tBOOH-induced cytotoxicity, with a remarkable lowering of lactate metabolism under both normoxia and hypoxia. DR2B and DR2C reduced ROS production, possessed scavenging and chelating properties. Interestingly, DR2C increased intracellular GSH levels. Furthermore, DR2C inhibited the HSV-1 replication when added for 24 h after viral adsorption, as also confirmed by the reduction of many viral proteins expression. Since DR2C was able to reduce NOX4 expression during HSV-1 infection, its antiviral activity may be correlated to its antioxidant properties. Although further studies are needed to better characterize DR2C activity, the results suggest this extract as a promising new anti-HSV-1 agent.

Keywords

eggplant peel; polyphenols; HSV-1; Warburg effect; antioxidant activity; antiviral agents; vegetable waste

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Toxicology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Download PDF Download Supplementary

Comments (0)

We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.

Leave a public comment
Send a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
Views 0
Downloads 0
Comments 0
Metrics 0
Get PDF Supplementary Files Cite Share 0
Bookmark BibSonomy Mendeley Reddit Delicious
×
Alerts
Notify me about updates to this article or when a peer-reviewed version is published.
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here.