Zusinaite, E.; Ianevski, A.; Niukkanen, D.; Poranen, M.M.; Bjørås, M.; Afset, J.E.; Tenson, T.; Velagapudi, V.; Merits, A.; Kainov, D.E. A Systems Approach to Study Immuno- and Neuro-Modulatory Properties of Antiviral Agents. Viruses2018, 10, 423.
Zusinaite, E.; Ianevski, A.; Niukkanen, D.; Poranen, M.M.; Bjørås, M.; Afset, J.E.; Tenson, T.; Velagapudi, V.; Merits, A.; Kainov, D.E. A Systems Approach to Study Immuno- and Neuro-Modulatory Properties of Antiviral Agents. Viruses 2018, 10, 423.
Zusinaite, E.; Ianevski, A.; Niukkanen, D.; Poranen, M.M.; Bjørås, M.; Afset, J.E.; Tenson, T.; Velagapudi, V.; Merits, A.; Kainov, D.E. A Systems Approach to Study Immuno- and Neuro-Modulatory Properties of Antiviral Agents. Viruses2018, 10, 423.
Zusinaite, E.; Ianevski, A.; Niukkanen, D.; Poranen, M.M.; Bjørås, M.; Afset, J.E.; Tenson, T.; Velagapudi, V.; Merits, A.; Kainov, D.E. A Systems Approach to Study Immuno- and Neuro-Modulatory Properties of Antiviral Agents. Viruses 2018, 10, 423.
Abstract
There are dozens of approved, investigational and experimental antiviral agents. Many of these agents cause serious side effects, which can be revealed only after drug administration. Identification of the side effects prior to drug administration is challenging. Here we describe an ex vivo approach for studying immuno- and neuro-modulatory properties of antiviral agents, which could be associated with potential side effects of these therapeutics. The approach combines drug toxicity/efficacy tests and transcriptomics, which is followed by cytokine and metabolite profiling. We demonstrated the utility of this approach with several examples of antiviral agents. We also showed that the approach can utilize different immune stimuli and cell types. It can also include other omics techniques, such as genomics and epigenomics, to allow identification of individual markers associated with adverse reactions to antivirals with immuno- and neuro-modulatory properties.
Keywords
virus; antiviral agent; drug target; drug side effect; innate immunity; precision medicine; systems biology
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Virology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
