Predictor packing in developing unprecedented shaped colloidal particles

Developing particles of various geometric anisotropic shapes are the hot topic since decades as they guarantee some special features of properties not possible through other means. Again, controlling atoms to develop certain size and shape particle is a quite challenging job. In this study, gold particles of different shapes are developed via pulse-based electronphoton-solution interface process. Here, it is discussed that gold atoms while transition of cold state to re-crystallization state amalgamate at solution surface around the light glow to develop monolayer assembly. The rate of uplifting gold atoms to solution surface is as per the reaction of entering force of electron streams and photons of varying wavelength achieved under optimized process conditions. Prior to uplifting of gold atoms, they dissociated from the precursor through absorption of heat energy given to solution by the immersed graphite rod. On the other hand, packets of nano shape energy developing tiny particles of own shape on binding their energy to energy knots clamping to electron states of atoms of monolayer assembly under the achieved transition state. Simultaneously, atoms of developed monolayer tiny particles start elongating to both sides from their centers under the influence of working surface format force at level of solution surface where electrons deal adjacent placement under orientational-based stretching of clamping energy knots Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 22 February 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0039.v2 © 2018 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. 2 resulting into transform one-dimensional arrays of atoms into structure of smooth elements where tip of each one faces the centre of light glow under their immersing force resulting into pack as one unit. Due to the feature of bipolar pulse having unity ratio of pulse OFF to ON time, each tiny particle is first developed in shape like two joint triangles. As adjacent connection between their two atoms dealing force of opposite pole at perturbed axis, they first separated into two equal triangular-shaped tiny particles under the application of surface format force. They directed as one unit from the regions of formation to pack at already allocated unfilled regions to develop certain shape particle under the force as per their rate of development in different zones of solution surface. Structures of smooth elements of triangular-shaped tiny particles in the reach of packing at centre of light glow further elongate while impinging electron streams at fixed angle. Structures of smooth elements further shape and acquire smoothness under the forcing energy of high density travelling photons at the instant of (on) packing. Depending on the zone of development of tiny particles along with their number of together packing develop various geometric anisotropic shaped particles. At fixed precursor concentration, increasing the process time results into develop particles of low aspect ratio. Under tuned parameters, developing mechanisms of particles of high aspect ratio exhibiting unprecedented features are located.


Introduction
To design any sort of material, it is remained crucial since the birth of materials science.
Intellectuals' and scientific leaders' fields of materials and interdisciplinary areas remained engaged to design specific materials in all ages as per need and demand of on-going era.Among the categories of materials, the synthesis of materials in particles shape remained dominant in the past few decades as well as in the current ages and they hold promising future too.To describe the scope and significance of tiny particles, nanoparticles, and particles, it is to say that several scientific leaders as well as emerging scientific leaders are working to reach out required size and shape of particles in diversified class of materials along with their anisotropy and aspect ratio as such materials may be directly (indirectly) the origin of certain cutting-edge application that may not only bring scientific and technological impact but also social impact.In this context, various scientific journals covering all class of materials are publishing syntheses of particles under different means along with targeting various aspects of their applications.The explanations which are put forth on the development mechanisms of tiny particles, nanoparticles and particles are spanned over different class of opinions and scientific arguments.
But, undoubtedly, when the nanoparticles and particles showing the same morphology-structure (features) under their different microscopic images, obviously, they raise a combine question i.e., "why they contain a lot of diversified ranges of explanation and viewpoints".Obviously, it is to be; the scientific explanations vary process to process and within the same process also.The particles are almost delivering similar sort of result along with their practical demonstration at forefronts of cutting-edge applications.In the synthesis process of nanoparticles and particles, facilitator of their atoms can be varied, but the product remains the same containing the same material of shape and structure.
Overall, to design material at nanoscale for getting unique benefits has always been the prime objective of scientific community and investigating structure under the least wavelength available at light-spectrum has great challenges.To manipulate and probe matter at nanoscale for development of new tools is critical for nanoscience and nanotechnology [1].One-dimensional nanowires [2] and two-dimensional free-floating sheets have been developed by strong dipole-dipole interaction [3].To structure matter on the scale of length comparable or smaller to the wavelength of light can deliver phenomenal optical properties [4,5] and catalytic activity of metallic nanostructures, enhanced significantly on controlling phase [6,7].
Formation of tiny clusters and their coalescence into extended shape of particles is one of the long and continuously over-looked phenomena [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].Nanometer-sized gold clusters behave like simple chemical compounds and may find a wide range of applications in catalysis, sensors and molecular electronics [8].The discrete nature and stability of nanocrystals along with their tendency to form extended supperlattices suggest ways and means for the design and fabrication of advanced materials having controlled characteristics [9].Development of single crystal by the aggregation of nanocrystals appears as a realistic goal [10].The development of new, ultimately small, electronic devices is one of the most prominent potential long-term applications of nanoparticles technology [11].Self-assembly offers a very promising route to construct complex shapes at nano-/micro-meters level and engages many of the classical disciplines of science and engineering [12].A grand challenge is to assemble and position the nanoparticles at preferred sites which will enable the construction of complex and higher-order functional structures [13].To organize nanometer-sized building blocks into specific shapes is one of the current challenges [14].On successful assembling of colloidal particles into useful structures the 'atoms' and 'molecules' will become tomorrow's materials [15].Understanding the electronic absorption and dynamics of individual nanoparticles is pre-requisite for their transformation into an ordered array instead of their agglomeration [16].Possibility to coalesce nanocrystals allows one to develop materials with abundant selections, which leads to the opening of entirely new field [17].On controlling precisely, the surface properties of nanoparticles will lead to direct their assemblies into higher order structures [18].Tiny particles are molecular-like structures and certain numbers of atoms form hcp structure [19].Shape and size of metallic structures has remained under extensive debate and generated significant interest in several newly emerging areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology [20][21][22].It has been shown that shape entropy drives the phase behavior of systems of anisotropic shapes through directional entropic forces [23].Geometry and entropy of colloidal particles not only explain the structure but dynamics also [24].In known protocol, in addition to the disordered jammed configuration, there are ordered metrics capable to characterize the order of packing [25].Those studies are the growth and beauty of science behind materials of technological advance.
Efforts have also been made to synthesize tiny clusters and anisotropic shapes of gold by employing various plasma solution methodologies.Mainly, four approaches remained under operation: (1) DC plasma discharge in contact to liquid [26][27][28][29], (2) DC glow discharge plasma in contact to liquid [30], (3) pulse plasma discharge inside the liquid [31][32][33][34][35][36], and (4) gas-liquid interface discharge [37].Hydrogen peroxide was the most probable reaction mechanism to synthesize gold nanoparticles and aqueous electrons to drive the process [26][27][28][29].While synthesizing spherical-shaped nanoparticles, transfer of charge subjects to the properties of the discharge done [27], electron flux at given current remains constant on the surface of solution [32] and plasma electrons act as cathode to reduce H radicals into H2 while OH radicals transformed into H 2 O 2 which lowered the pH of solution [33].Hydrogen radicals generated in the discharge where their rate increased consistently with the external field and due to dissolution of nanoparticles, reduction rate lowered and was the cause of anisotropic growth [34].The influence of Brownian motion along with surface charge of nanoparticles explained their stability [35] and negatively charged surface of nanoparticles kept them away from agglomeration [36].Gold nano-plates and nano-rods developed at the surface of solution and spherical-shaped particles in the solution [37].
The fundamental process of formation of various tiny-sized particles at different process conditions is discussed elsewhere [38].The development of gold nanoparticles and particles under varying precursor concentration has been discussed elsewhere [39].
Tapping opportunity of tiny shaped particles and role of precursor in developing shaped particles under the same setup are given elsewhere [40].Different shaped tiny particles along with their extended shapes developed under varying the ratio of bipolar pulse and different pulse polarity [41].Development of extended shaped particles at increasing process duration along with the diffusion mechanism of atoms and tiny particles in their formation are given elsewhere [42].A detailed study presented about the development mechanism of tiny shaped particle dealing localized gravity at solution surface and modifying structure to structure of smooth elements [43].Atoms of electronic transitions deform or elongate but don't ionize where force energy is related to photonic current instead of electronic current [44] and those atoms are eligible to evolve different structures [45].The phenomena of heat and photon energy are discussed elsewhere [46] where neutral state silicon atom was taken model system.How atomic deformation/elongation and their field force behavior influence the performance of nanoparticles while using them as nanomedicine is discussed elsewhere [47].Recently, switching dynamics of morphology-structure in carbon deposited films are reported elsewhere [48].
To synthesize particles of different materials is easy but it is difficult to understand the underpinning mechanism of their development.The present work describes the fundamental process of formation of triangular-shaped tiny particles at solution surface in relation to their predictor packing and developing the particles of various geometric anisotropic shapes under the working force of normal environment while employing pulse-based electronphoton-solution interface process.Under set parameters, gold atoms dissociated from the precursor while absorbing energy which is being transferred through immersed graphite rod mainly where they uplifted to solution surface against the reaction of entering force for developing monolayer assembly when dealing certain transition state.

Experimental details
Hydrogen Thickness of the copper capillary wall was 1.5 mm, whereas, the diameter of inner space through which argon gas flows was 3 mm as shown in Figure S1.Zones related to placing packets of nano shape energy, impinging electron streams and traveling photons of different wavelengths at surface of monolayer gold atoms are pointed out by ( 7), ( 8) and ( 9), respectively in Figure 1

Results and discussion
Photonic current propagating through the graphite rod provided the heat energy to precursor for dissociating gold atoms.Heat energy is resulted during the interaction of traveling of photons into the liquid medium on leaving the graphite rod.The uplifting of metallic atoms to solution surface is under the reaction of entering force.The entering force is being resulted through the entering of electron streams along with releasing photons of increasing wavelength on splitting the flowing inert gas atoms.It is discussed elsewhere [38] that both electron streams and photons result on splitting of flowing inert gas atoms in pulse-based electronphoton-solution. Photons of high energy entered in the solution instead of traveling along the interface as discussed elsewhere [41].Argon gas was used to activate the process of developing gold particles.Splitting of inert gas atoms not only delivered electrons to impinge underlying gold atoms but also enabled the propagation of photons characteristic current into inter-state electron gap prior to split resulting into allow them to travel in increasing wavelength in the open medium.
Therefore, a certain amount of flowing inert gas atoms split just over the solution surface where photons increasing in their wavelengths work at place utilizing their forcing energy to align underlying electronic structure of elongated triangular-shaped tiny particle in the case of perturbed electron states of atoms under the stretching of energy knots, thus, modify the structure of tiny particle to structure of smooth elements by compensating any left discrepancy [43].The inert gas atoms split under the application of photons characteristic current [44].
Auto-controlled current for set pulse duration propagating through copper tube gave packets of nano shape energy under the application of step-up transformer.Underneath copper capillary where monolayer assembly of gold atoms is developed, packets of nano shape energy are being placed horizontally resulting into cultivate and crop monolayer tiny particles at solution surface in round shape around the possible regions of light glow.The round surface width i.e. 1.5 mm, which is approximately equal to the thickness of wall of copper capillary, is shown in Figure S1.Therefore, packets of nano energy shape like connected triangles developed tiny particles of their own shape, which were resulted under the application of bipolar pulse having tailored ON/OFF time controlled by the auto setup as discussed in the experimental details, while placing horizontally over the surface of solution where gold atoms dealt transition state.The development mechanism of such tiny particles while considering gold as the model system is given elsewhere [43].As graphite rod is immersed into the solution from   At solution surface, gold atoms under transition state construct monolayer assembly in circle but by leaving the regions of zero-force axis as shown in Figure 3. Placed nano shape energy cropped transition state atoms of monolayer assembly into tiny particles having three-dimensional structure of surface format, which is being known in hcp structure.A detail study on structural evolution in different formats is given elsewhere along with the distribution of different forces of surface format and zero-force axis [45].
During processing AgNO 3 solution, there was no formation of triangular-shaped tiny particles despite the fact that same process conditions were employed indicating that silver atoms deal transition state (re-crystallization state) in order to elongate is at different level of ground surface instead of the gold atoms as they are elongating at solution surface set for the same height as for the case of processing silver solution.In the case of gold solution, it was not like silver and entire solution in the beaker changed into a color rapidly and uniformly.In the case of gold solution, color of solution was changing at fast rate in initial few seconds due to utilization of atoms into formation of tiny particles, nanoparticles and particles.Placed packets of nano shape energy for binding atoms of monolayer assembly into two connecting triangular-shaped tiny particles, in each case, having them in their own shape are shown in Figure 3; zones related to photons at work (and light glow), impinging electron streams and placing horizontally packets of nano shape energy are in the central region, in the middle region and in the outer region, respectively, as roughly sketched in the figure.At centre of light glow, a developing mono layer of certain shape particle is also shown along with several earlier developed mono layers as indicated by the arrow signs where sinking one step down while dealing the localized gravity.Binding of such mono layers in developing particle of certain shape is through the lateral diffusion working at electronic level.
Further detail of binding mono layers in developing certain shape particle while dealing the localized gravity at solution surface is discussed elsewhere [43].Two joint triangular-shaped tiny particles separated into two equal size triangularshaped tiny particles under difference of force influencing at opposite pole between their connected atoms.However, triangular-shaped tiny particles developed directly under the application of unipolar pule [41].We can observe it in the illustration given in Figure 3 where tiny particle of two connecting triangles developed under the application of nano shape energy and further details is given elsewhere [39][40][41][42][43].A separate study details the development of triangular-shaped tiny particle along with developing structure of smooth elements [43].
The left one (companion) tiny particle is waiting to follow the packing of earlier one in each case is indicated in Figure 3; the left one triangular-shaped tiny particles turned and directed tip towards the region of packing dealing the force of surface format, a bit in tilted manner, till reaching at centre of light glow.In the similar manner, elongated triangular-shaped tiny particles are arriving to pack at pre-allocated regions of developing monolayers of developing certain shape particle where the packing at any point results into sinking of particle on termination under the force of gravity where each layer binds under the mechanism of lateral diffusion as discussed elsewhere [43].In the case of rod-/bar-shaped particles, tiny particles were developed initially at oppositelysided regions available at the sides of rear north-south axes as illustrated in Figure S3.
Such shaped particles are said to be particles of one-dimensional structure and they possess more width of structure of smooth element as compared to particles of threedimensional structure as discussed elsewhere [42].
In the case of plate-like particles, monolayer assembly cropped into triangularshaped tiny particles as well due to the availability of atoms at solution surface along east west poles around pulse-based electronphoton-solution interface.To develop triangular-shaped particle, at one time, the momentum of packing remains the same from all three sides where each tiny particle packing secures orientation at 120° angle and from three different zones under the force toward their respective regions of packing.To develop hexagonal-shaped particle, at one time, the momentum of packing remains the same from all six sides where each tiny particle packing secures orientation at 60° angle and from six different zones under the force toward their respective regions of packing and so on.
Figure 4 shows formation of connecting triangular-shaped tiny particles where the size is decreasing under the prolonged process duration.As discussed above, such tiny particles separated into equal triangular-shaped tiny particles while dealing the force of opposite pole between the point of their joint atoms.Decreasing the size of triangularshaped tiny particles resulted into decrease the aspect ratio of their particles as they are being developed in the presence of reduced amount of gold atoms and at later stage of the process.At start of the process, mainly large-sized tiny particles were developed and their packing into particles possess large aspect ratio too.As the size of the tiny particle decreases on reducing the number of atoms per unit area at solution surface, particles of decreasing aspect ratio develop with time despite the fact that they possess the same shapes as for those developed at initial stage of the process.Under fixed concentration of precursor, the number of amalgamating atoms into monolayer assembly reduced significantly resulting into lowering the aspect ratio of particles developed with the passage of prolonging the process time.It is estimated that in the beginning of the process, the size of tiny particle was varied depending on the ratio of pulse OFF to ON time.

Figure 4:
Two connected triangular-shaped tiny particles decreasing size with respect to process time while dealing the fixed precursor concentration of the process Each developing layer of the geometric anisotropic shaped particle self-deal the packing as vacant left place provides the force to triangular-shaped tiny particle in the relevant zone of developing particle where those places pack for fit size at exact time and fill that vacant allocated place, therefore, it is also subjected to self-filling unpacked regions besides the predictor packing as referred.A complete layer of developing geometric anisotropic shaped particle developed in each step of pulse ON time (10 µsec) where they possess structure of smooth elements.That developed monolayer structure of smooth elements went down to solution surface while dealing the localized gravity and followed by developing new layer starting exactly at the centre of the one prior developed, in the same size and shape, as the formation of triangular-shaped tiny particles along with predictor packing remained the same for the period of formation of that particle.While developing upper layer, downward layer descends level upto ~ 0.3 nm (~ diameter of gold atom), however, under the break of developing layers for next set period of pulse ON time (10 µsec), the particle started sinking by leaving the solution surface completely resulting into leave the centre of light glow at solution surface, thus, allowing to develop a new particle.Once, the process of formation of new layer in developing certain particle is missed, the particle is no more under growth.This leads into start the developing process of the new particle.On utilizing the developed tiny particles around centre, the newly developed tiny particles started utilizing their predictor packings, thus, developing new particles of geometric anisotropic shapes.
Lower the number of binding mono layers, then, higher is the aspect ratio of resulted particle.The particle's shape varies depending on the region of initially packed triangular-shaped tiny particles, at one time, along with their quantity; when three equal size tiny shaped particles packed simultaneously at 120° angle placed side by side, it will result into develop triangular-shaped particle and when six equal size tiny shaped particles simultaneously packed at 60° angle placed side by side, it will result into develop hexagonal-shape particle.belonging to same family) comes at ground level (state), it deals (focuses) only single force, which is at dominating end.But prior to uplift gold atoms, they were at their solid state.So, just at the surface of solution triangular-shaped tiny particles, they deal localized force applicable in their regions for packing into particles of various shapes.
On terminating the packing of developing large-sized particles, they sink under free fall.
The developing of various geometric anisotropic shaped particles and their sinking enables arriving new stock of gold atoms at air-solution interface, thus, forming new monolayer assembly at air-solution interface.The binding of mono layer developed in certain shape of developing particle bind to another layer placing over it under the lateral diffusion where expansion and contraction behaviors of energy knots clamping electron states contribute as discussed elsewhere [43].However, expansion and contraction in the case of atomic behavior where a certain atom deal different state under varying gravitation and levitation behaviors is discussed elsewhere [50].Atoms of one-dimensional arrays while in tiny particle or in large size particle maintain interspacing distance in addition to show only elongation of atoms.In the case of impinging electron streams from the external source, elongated tiny particles under opposite poles forces are further elongated.Thus, each tiny particle works as one unit while packing where new set of atoms arrive at solution surface under the reaction of force of entering splitted electron streams of argon atoms and photons of different wavelength just under the bottom copper tube.Force is being entered to solution through high density penetration of splitted electron streams of argon atoms along with photons of exceeding wavelengths normal to the solution surface.The photonic current propagated through elongated tiny grains of carbon film under accelerated density resulting into enhanced field emission as discussed elsewhere [49].Different states of electron clamping energy knot, both in terms of solid atom and gas atom, is discussed elsewhere [50].
Photons propagated through graphite rod, they provided energy to dissociate gold atoms from the precursor at solution surface, thus, forming monolayer assembly around the pulse-based electronphoton-solution interface is under the reaction of force provided by the electron streams along with increasing wavelength photons in the light glow developing centre of gravity at solution surface as well.Therefore, entering photons of different wavelengths along with penetration of electron streams in solution in the region forming the light glow don't appear to dissociate metallic atoms from precursor and their systematic placement at solution surface while uplifting in each cycle of bipolar pulse ON time is under the reaction of that entering force.Therefore, uplifting of atoms to solution surface is because of providing force through light glow while dissociation of metallic atoms from their precursor is under immersed graphite rod known as anode.
Thus, developing monolayer assembly at solution surface under the uplifting of metallic atoms to solution surface is not only because of the one component but involving both light glow known in plasma generating at point of copper bottom known in cathode and propagating photons characteristic current through graphite rod known in anode also.

Conclusions
In this study, under optimized process parameters, various high aspect ratio geometric

Preprints
(www.preprints.org)| NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 7 January 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0039.v1 tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate was purchased from Alfa Aesar and different concentrations of solution were prepared after mixing with DI water.A layout of pulsebased electronphoton-solution interface process was designed in the case of present experiments is shown in Figure 1.Copper tube internal diameter 3 mm was utilized as a cathode and 100 sccm argon flow rate was maintained through it via mass flow controller.Graphite rod (width: 1 cm) was immersed in the solution which is also known as anode.The bottom of the copper capillary was adjusted just above the surface of solution (~ 0.4 mm) and distance from the graphite rod was kept 4 cm.Symmetricbipolar modes of pulses were employed which were generated by the pulse DC power controller (SPIK2000A-20, MELEC GmbH Germany).Temperature of the solution was recorded from the distance of one meter by LASER-guided meter (CENTER, 350 Series); 21°C at the start and 47°C at the end of 20 minutes with ±1°C accuracy.The precursor concentration was 0.3 mM.Total quantity of solution was 100 ml.The processing time of the solution was 20 minutes.In each experiment, the average input DC power was measured to be 36 (watts) where running voltage was ~30 (volts) and current was ~1.2 (amp) and light glow sustained after few seconds under the slight variation of input power; power fluctuation was more at the start of the process (initial few seconds) and became nearly constant (very less fluctuated) during the entire Preprints (www.preprints.org)| NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 7 January 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0039.v1process.Step-up transformer increased voltage 40 times.Bipolar pulse ON/OFF duration in each experiment was set 10 µsec.
along with further detail given in Figure S2.To characterize features of various particles both bright field and high-resolution microscope images of particles were captured (TEM, JEOL JEM2100F; operated at 200 kV).Prior to those investigations, a drop of solution from each prepared concentration was poured on copper grid and was kept in Photoplate degasser (JEOL EM-DSC30) for the elimination of moisture.

Figure 1 :
Figure1: Layout of pulse-based electronphoton-solution interface process; (1) power supply, (2) pulse power controller, (3) step-up transformer, (4) argon gas, (5) graphite rod, (6) inner (hollow) region of copper capillary, (7) region of placing nano shape energy (outer region of light glow), (8) electron-solution interface (middle region of light glow) and (9) photon-solution interface (inner region of light glow) .preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 7 January 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0039.v1 top level surface, surplus propagating of current occurs into it, on leaving the propagation of inter-state electron gap enter in the solution to dissociate the gold atoms from the precursor.On the other hand, entering forcing energy of photons along with splitted electron streams uplifting those dissociated gold atoms under the force of reaction resulting into develop monolayer assembly of gold atoms.Figure2shows dissociation of gold atoms under the supply of heat energy through immersed graphite rod and their uplifting to solution surface under the entering force of light glow constituted electron streams and high energy photons.

Figure 2 :
Figure 2: Gold atoms dissociating from the precursor and uplifting to solution surface Uplifting of gold atoms under the reaction of entering force of electron streams and photons Dissociating gold atoms from the precursor on transferring photons into heat energy Solution surface Light glow (known as plasma/cathode) at bottom of Cu tube Graphite rod (known as anode) Preprints (www.preprints.org)| NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 7 January 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0039.v1Signatures of nano shape energy, electron streams and light glow dealing 3D space while interacting circular solution surface are shown in Figure S2.Therefore, interactions of nano shape energy, electron streams and photons are consecutively (one at one time) in three cones like shapes; outer cone shape is belonged to placing packets of nano shape energy, middle impinging electron streams and inner one is belonged to photons travelling along the interface and entering in the solution.High energy photons enter in the solution under strong interaction while low energy photons dissipate heat energy just over the surface of solution under poor interaction.

Figure 3 :
Figure 3: Gold atoms at solution surface in suitable circular zone width i.e. 1.5 mm where packets of nano shape energy placed over monolayer assembly to bind transition state in own shape and size where no amalgamation of the atoms along the zero-force axis occurs (a rear-side of north-south poles) is shown The predictor packing of triangular-shaped tiny particles is from the same region where they were developed.At tuned bipolar pulse mode (pulse ON/OFF time: 10 µsec)along with other set parameters as described in the experimental details, the each

Figure 5 Figure 5 :Figure 6 :
Figure5shows particles of various anisotropic shapes developed under predictor packing of elongated triangular-shaped tiny particles.The differently shape shown particles in Figure5clearly figure out the degree of orientation at which predictor packing takes place and in each face of the particle by taking the centre of particle as a reference point.Therefore, photons worked at the place help in constructing perfect smooth elements having their equal inter-spacing distance in each forming layer of developing particle as illustrated in FigureS4.
anisotropic shaped particles of gold developed in pulse-based electronphoton-solution interface process.Under the tuned input power high density of photons characteristic current propagated through graphite rod transformed into energy on entering in solution resulting into dissociates gold atoms from the precursor.When force behind electron streams enter in the solution, as a reaction, dissociated gold atoms are uplifted.The forcing energy of photons under set pulse ON time generating at the bottom of copper capillary entering in solution under high density contribute as well to uplift atoms to solution surface under the reaction of their entrance.A monolayer assembly developed around the light glow in each pulse cycle where placing horizontally packets of nano shape energy, they result into develop loosely joint triangular-shaped tiny particles of monolayer following by separation into equal two same shape tiny particles under the force of opposite pole between their two connected atoms.Each tiny particle of triangular shape elongates under the force influencing at centre of its each atom along opposite poles where each one-dimensional array of atoms transforms into each structure of smooth element, thus, working as one unit to pack at centre of light glow under increased level force due to attained feature.A tiny particle doesn't go for pre-allocated region of packing of developing particle unless it has geometry of equilateral triangle shape.Elongated triangular-shaped tiny particles having structure of smooth elements initiate packings at pre-allocated regions first at Preprints (www.preprints.org)| NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 7 January 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0039.v1centre of light glow following by unfilled regions of developing mono layers of developing particles.The developed feature of tiny particles self-ensured the points (regions) of their packings, thus, their packing resulting into develop certain shape particle which possess unprecedented features.Prior to pack elongated tiny particles, they elongated further while impinging electron streams at electron-solution interface.On separation into two equal triangular-shaped tiny particles, a tiny particle turned and directed towards already reserved region of developing particle and same is the case for the companion tiny particle, but packs aside to earlier packed one.The number of initially packed tiny particles, at one time, from different zones of solution surface nucleate certain shape particle.Initial number of packed tiny particles, at one time and their continuity in the packing along with size of developed tiny particle determine the shape and size of particle.The synchronization of the setup resulted into develop several unprecedented featured particles in different sizes and shapes.Present study sets new trends in the field of materials science, physics, nanoscience and nanotechnology.