Through processing and organizing the basic data and related literature on brownfield governance of Chinese local governments in recent years, the study constructed a risk evaluation index system for brownfield governance of Chinese local governments based on hierarchical analysis, taking into account the purpose of realizing the sustainable use of soil. Specific indicators were established under the two overall objectives of environmental protection and human health, including the degree of soil pollution, the degree of groundwater pollution, the degree of air pollution, the emission of toxic and hazardous substances, the type of land use, the intensity of land use, the maturity of governance technology, the scope of application of governance technology, the degree of perfection of policies and regulations, the strength of implementation of policies and regulations, the benefits of brownfield reuse, and the satisfaction of the public. In addition, the study takes Qitaihe City, which has already achieved the effect of brownfield management, as an example to further analyze the index system.