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Application of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode as a Sensor for Apocynin Electroanalysis
Version 1
: Received: 12 March 2024 / Approved: 12 March 2024 / Online: 12 March 2024 (15:27:11 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Michalkiewicz, S.; Skorupa, A.; Jakubczyk, M.; Bębacz, K. Application of a Carbon Fiber Microelectrode as a Sensor for Apocynin Electroanalysis. Materials 2024, 17, 1593. Michalkiewicz, S.; Skorupa, A.; Jakubczyk, M.; Bębacz, K. Application of a Carbon Fiber Microelectrode as a Sensor for Apocynin Electroanalysis. Materials 2024, 17, 1593.
Abstract
In this study, a carbon fiber microelectrode (CF) was applied for the investigation of electrochemical behavior and determination of natural antioxidant, apocynin (APO). Given the limited solubility of APO in water, a mixture of anhydrous acetic acid (AcH) with 20%, v/v acetonitrile (AN) and 0.1 mol L-1 sodium acetate (AcNa) was used. The electrochemical properties of APO were examined through linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The anodic oxidation of APO, which is the basis of the method used, proved to be diffusion-controlled and proceeded with a two-electron and one proton exchange. Both radicals and radical cations, arising from the first and second step of electrode reactions, respectively, underwent subsequent chemical transformations to yield more stable final products (EqCiEiCi mechanism). Using optimized DPV conditions, the anodic peak current of APO at potential of 0.925 V vs Ag/AgCl showed a good linear response within the concentration range of 2.7×10-6 – 2.6×10-4 mol L-1. The detection and quantification limits were determined as 8.9×10-7 and 2.7×10-6 mol L-1, respectively. The developed DPV method enabled the successful determination of APO in herbal extracts and in dietary supplements. It should be noted that this is the first method of voltammetric determination of APO.
Keywords
apocynin, carbon fiber microelectrode, electrochemical properties, determination, voltammetry, acetic acid, acetonitrile, herbal extracts, dietary supplements
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Electrochemistry
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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