Review
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Pharmacological Treatments of Sleep-Wake Disorders: Update 2023
Version 1
: Received: 18 October 2023 / Approved: 18 October 2023 / Online: 20 October 2023 (03:52:18 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Kallweit, M.S.; Kallweit, N.P.; Kallweit, U. Pharmacological Treatments of Sleep–Wake Disorders: Update 2023. Clin. Transl. Neurosci. 2023, 7, 42. Kallweit, M.S.; Kallweit, N.P.; Kallweit, U. Pharmacological Treatments of Sleep–Wake Disorders: Update 2023. Clin. Transl. Neurosci. 2023, 7, 42.
Abstract
Biological, environmental, behavioral, and social factors can influence sleep and lead to sleep disorders or diseases. Sleep disorders are common, numerous and heterogeneous in terms of their etiology, pathogenesis, and symptomatology. Management of sleep-wake circadian disorders (SWCD) includes education to sleep hygiene, behavioral strategies, psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly), instrument-based treatments (i.e. positive airway pressure therapy, hypoglossal nerve stimulation), and pharmacotherapy. Depending on the disease, therapy varies and is executed sequentially, or can be a combination of several forms of therapy. Drugs used for SWCD include traditional sleep or wake-promoting agents, chronotherapeutic agents. Recently, novel medications, which are more precisely acting on specific neurochemical systems (i.e. orexin system) important for sleep and wake, are also increasingly being used. In this review, the pharmacotherapy of common sleep disorders (insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorder, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep wake disorders, parasomnias, and sleep-related movement disorders) embedded in the overall therapeutic concept of each disorder is presented. There is also an outlook on possible future pharmacotherapies.
Keywords
Pharmacotherapy; Sleep-Wake Disorders; Hypersomnolence; Restless Legs Syndroms; Parasomnias; Sleep-related breathing disorders; Insomnia; Circadian Disorders
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Other
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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