### S3 Fig.

A | B | C
--- | --- | ---
D | E |

rest of the world

Fig. S3: Confirmed cases / 1000 people in an antilogarithm axis. (A) Iceland, Switzerland, and Tottori. Even in the successful countries, this could be as large as eight. (B) India and South Africa. The figures were quite low, indicating the small coverage of the survey. There have been no major epidemics in these countries for a while now. Probably many people in these countries are already infected once and hence immune, and another major epidemic is unlikely. (C) Sweden, UK, and USA. Omicron has caused a major epidemic and many people are probably immune. (D) Countries in Oceania. Very similar trends. (E) China, Chile, and Japan. The Omicron epidemic progressed slowly in three separate outbreaks in Japan and Chile because of self-defence. In China, by contrast, it spread quickly after the lockdown was lifted.

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